FATEPUR SIKRI History (in hindi) | Kila | फतेहपुर सीकरी का इतिहास | Buland Darwaza | Dargah | Mazar
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Fatehpur Sikri is a stunning, historic city located approximately 40 kilometers west of Agra, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Built by the Mughal Emperor Akbar between 1571 and 1585, it served as the capital of the Mughal Empire for about 14 years. Akbar, one of the most visionary and culturally inclusive rulers of the Mughal dynasty, founded the city to honor the Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chishti, who had prophesied the birth of Akbar's son, Jahangir.
Fatehpur Sikri was constructed on a ridge and blends various architectural styles, reflecting Akbar’s vision of a unified empire where different religious communities could coexist. Its design represents a fusion of Persian, Islamic, and Hindu architectural influences, showcasing the Mughal love for intricate stone carvings, monumental gateways, and beautifully designed palaces.
Key structures within Fatehpur Sikri include:
1. **Buland Darwaza**: This grand gateway, built in 1601 to commemorate Akbar’s victory over Gujarat, stands at 54 meters tall. It is one of the largest gateways in the world and serves as the entrance to the Jama Masjid mosque. The Buland Darwaza is constructed in red sandstone with white marble inlays and has an inscription that emphasizes Akbar's policy of religious tolerance.
2. **Jama Masjid**: One of the largest mosques in India, the Jama Masjid in Fatehpur Sikri was constructed in 1571. It features a beautiful courtyard and houses the **Tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti**, a white marble structure considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture. Pilgrims from all over India visit the tomb to seek blessings, as it is believed to have miraculous powers.
3. **Panch Mahal**: A unique five-story palace, the Panch Mahal is an architectural marvel. The structure tapers as it rises, with each level being smaller than the one below, and it is supported by intricately carved columns. The open design allowed cool breezes to pass through, providing comfort in the hot climate of the region.
4. **Diwan-i-Khas**: Also known as the Hall of Private Audience, this building is noted for its extraordinary central pillar, which is richly carved and supports a platform that radiates walkways in all four directions. It was here that Akbar discussed matters of state and philosophical debates with scholars of various religions.
5. **Diwan-i-Aam**: The Hall of Public Audience was where Akbar addressed his subjects and dispensed justice. This building also features ornate carvings and a vast courtyard where the emperor would meet commoners.
6. **Jodha Bai’s Palace**: Named after Akbar's Rajput queen, Jodha Bai, this palace is one of the largest and most important structures within Fatehpur Sikri. The architecture reflects Hindu influences, with traditional Gujarati and Rajasthani design elements. The palace is notable for its simplicity and elegance, reflecting a harmonious blend of Hindu and Mughal aesthetics.
7. **Hiran Minar**: Originally constructed as a memorial to Akbar's favorite elephant, the Hiran Minar is a tall tower with circular stone projections shaped like elephant tusks. It was also likely used as a hunting tower.
Although Fatehpur Sikri was intended to be a symbol of Akbar’s vision of unity, it was abandoned just 14 years after its construction, mainly due to issues with water supply and the emperor’s need to manage military campaigns from a more central location. The city remained deserted but well-preserved, allowing modern visitors to get a glimpse of the grandeur of the Mughal court.
Today, Fatehpur Sikri is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination. Its combination of history, culture, and architectural brilliance draws thousands of visitors each year. The city represents one of the greatest achievements of Mughal architecture and offers insight into Akbar’s ideals of governance, tolerance, and artistic patronage.
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