Відео

Here is the question we collected and the answer replied by the presenter: 1. What factors led to the transformation of Hanfu from a subculture to a focal point of cultural policy under Xi's administration, and how has this shift influenced the perception and representation of traditional Chinese clothing both domestically and internationally? A: Given the context of our discussion in this paper, I categorize these factors as interactions, on one hand, coming from "Why is Hanfu thriving as a subculture?" and, on the other hand, "Why is it accepted by the government?" Firstly, the thriving of Hanfu stems from the desire of the people. This is also a complex issue, but to put it simply, China is composed of fifty-six ethnic groups, with the Han ethnic group accounting for over 90% of the population. Therefore, the large population base determines the enormous potential of Hanfu. Additionally, Han people easily notice the strong ethnic cultures of other minority groups in their daily lives, while their own culture seems to be lacking. This is especially true for Han people living in areas with ethnic integration. For example, in Sichuan, where there is a large population of Tibetan, Yi, and Qiang ethnic groups, it is not surprising for local residents to see people wearing Tibetan robes in the capital city Chengdu. For regions that lack the influence of minority cultures, such as Shandong, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, we can place this issue in a broader narrative context, and the theory still holds. China's Asian neighbors, such as Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Mongolia, India, etc., all have well-preserved traditional costume cultures. Especially in today's wave of cultural globalization, the internet allows young people to quickly access different world cultures. The younger generation is more sensitive than we granted thought, to notice the fact that traditional costume culture is an important part of Asian culture, but this important part is missing in the lives of Han Chinese. Therefore, naturally, Hanfu has become a cultural totem in the minds of young people, playing a role in strengthening identity recognition. In the early stages of the development of Hanfu, it had more radical nationalist undertones, but in later stages, it gradually became part of mainstream fashion, fulfilling the aesthetic role of satisfying the wearer's pursuit of beauty, which is another issue. On the other hand, why the government accepts Hanfu is one of the core questions of this paper. I argue that China's policies, especially cultural policies, are not just top-down, as mere commands from the government to the people. Policies often involve interaction between the people and the government. When Hanfu, as a fresh thing, happens to align with the current direction of the government's cultural policy, it is incorporated. To some extent, this can explain why Hanfu can integrate into mainstream culture more quickly and smoothly than other subcultures. Other subcultures have reached a state of balance after confrontation, deadlock, and compromise with mainstream society. (In China), successfully incorporated subcultures include rock music, online novels, etc., while relatively less successful ones include tattoos, Lolita, etc. However, the biggest difference between Hanfu and other subcultures is that although Hanfu challenges the dressing habits of mainstream society, it naturally aligns with the cultural policy, especially Xi Jinping's cultural policy of traditional culture revival. For the Chinese government, it is like a follower group that naturally forms and expands rapidly. Therefore, in terms of results, especially when Hanfu has shed its radical tone, local goverments have started to support and even host Hanfu-related activities. Hanfu seems to have gained endorsement and endorsement from the government, at least from some local governments. But we do need to emphasize that to this day, Hanfu has not become the central government's most mainstream policy focus yet. Currently, only a few local governments, such as the Xiuwu County government, have explicitly mentioned Hanfu or the Hanfu industry in official documents. On the one hand, this is related to the system of central government-local government relations. The central government only puts forward general policies, and local governments make adaptive adjustments at the detailed level. On the other hand, it may also come from the fact that the Han ethnic group itself, as a dominant ethnic group, for the purpose of maintaining stability and balance, it is not appropriate for the systematic promotion of its ethnic culture to be reflected in policy documents from the equally dominant central government institutions. However, the cultural policy metaphor implied by Hanfu, the construction of Han ethnic identity in the context of a (nominal) lack of it, and its significant changes in recent years in China are worthy of attention. Some scholars consider the current government's promotion of traditional cultural symbols to be highly nationalistic symbols. However, Hanfu presents a seemingly highly depoliticized and gentle posture. Does this represent a new, less aggressive but more inclusive and moderate form of neo-nationalism? This question is worth further research in the future.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Can you discuss the role of education in challenging stigmas around female bodies and sexuality and how sex toys can be integrated into educational programs as tools for promoting healthier attitudes and understanding? A1: Education plays a crucial role in challenging stigmas around female bodies and sexuality. In many societies, there are deep-seated cultural norms and taboos surrounding female sexuality and bodies, which can lead to shame, ignorance, and discrimination. To address these issues and promote healthier attitudes and understanding, education can be a powerful tool. Comprehensive Sex Education: Implementing comprehensive sex education programs that are age-appropriate and inclusive can help dispel myths and misconceptions about female bodies and sexuality. These programs can provide accurate information about anatomy, reproduction, and sexual health. They should also address issues related to consent, communication, and relationships, which are crucial for promoting healthier attitudes. Breaking Stereotypes: Education can challenge stereotypes and traditional gender roles that contribute to stigma. By teaching about the diversity of human experiences and identities, educators can help students understand that there is no one "normal" way to be a woman or to express one's sexuality. Promoting Body Positivity: Education can emphasize body positivity and self-acceptance. When students are taught to appreciate and respect their own bodies and the bodies of others, it can help break down stigmas associated with body image and appearance. Discussing Pleasure: Including discussions about sexual pleasure in education is essential. This can help individuals, especially women, understand their bodies, desires, and needs. It is important to emphasize that sexual pleasure is a normal and healthy part of human sexuality. Consent and Boundaries: Education should prominently feature discussions on consent and boundaries. This is crucial in challenging stigmas around female bodies and sexuality, as it empowers individuals to make informed choices and helps to counteract the notion that women's bodies are objects to be controlled. As for the integration of sex toys into educational programs, it's a more complex and controversial topic. However, when approached thoughtfully, it can have benefits in promoting healthier attitudes and understanding: Normalizing Sexual Exploration: Including information about sex toys in sex education can help normalize the idea of sexual exploration and the use of tools for sexual pleasure. Safety and Hygiene: Education about the proper use and care of sex toys can ensure that individuals make informed decisions, reducing the risk of injury or infection. Relationship Enhancement: Education can emphasize that sex toys can be a tool for enhancing intimacy in consensual adult relationships, reinforcing the idea that they are not a replacement for a partner but a supplement to enhance pleasure and connection. Reducing Shame and Stigma: Including sex toys in educational programs can help reduce the shame and stigma that may be associated with their use, particularly for women. It can encourage open dialogue and acceptance of different forms of sexual expression. It's important to remember that the inclusion of sex toys in educational programs should be done with consideration for cultural and social norms, as well as the age-appropriateness of the content. Such discussions should always emphasize consent, safety, and respect for individual choices. In conclusion, education plays a vital role in challenging stigmas around female bodies and sexuality. By providing comprehensive, inclusive, and informed sex education, as well as addressing the use of sex toys as tools for sexual pleasure, we can contribute to a more enlightened and healthier approach to female sexuality and the human experience as a whole.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Are there notable differences in shopping addiction behavior on Douyin compared to other social media platforms, and if so, what unique factors contribute to this behavior within the Douyin ecosystem? A1: Yes，this phenomenon can be agree by me，the addicted group contain people in different ages, from children to the elders and people with different literacy. I suppose the may reason cause this phenomenon is this application is designed quite easily to use, there is not obstacle of use.,especially to the beginners without experience of using online shopping platform or the illiterate people. Moreover, the video with full screen make user force on the contents. Consumers do not need to choose or think what they are willing to browse, using big data, the application can always recommend the most suitable to you. If you do not like the recommendation, just slide up the screen, and watch the next. This mode bring user a feeling of immersion， it is easy to let people enter a state of flow ，losing their sense of time and having a feeling of great satisfaction.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: How do Tajik wedding customs differ from traditional Chinese wedding customs, and what cultural influences and symbolic elements are distinctive to Tajik wedding ceremonies held in China? A1: The Tajik ethnic group I mentioned in my essay is one of the fifty-six ethnic groups in China, and it is almost two completely different ethnic groups from the Tajik ethnic group in Central Asia, which has already been discussed in the thesis. So here, I interpret your question to mean what is the difference between the wedding customs of the Tajik people of China and the Han, the most populous ethnic group. The cultural differences between the Han and the Tajik peoples of China are enormous due to various factors such as ethnic composition, geography of existence, and history. Totems, for example, are traditionally used in Han Chinese weddings, with the dragon and phoenix as totems, with the dragon being honoured by males and the phoenix by females, and this is most evident in the wedding attire; whereas the eagle is used as a totem by the Tajik people of China, as reflected in the celebratory dances, in which people perform the Chapsuz dance in imitation of an eagle's posture, and the use of eagle wing bones to make flutes, known as "Nayi". Another example is the wedding ceremony, which is modelled on the Zhou Ritual and has nearly a dozen ceremonies (see baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%8F%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC/10336243 for details), while the Chinese Tajik ceremony is modelled on the Zhou Ritual and has an aura of elegance, dignity and solemnity. Ethnic wedding ceremonies are slightly more concise and, as I documented in my article, are dominated by songs and dances between the guests and the bride and groom. Of course, the gap between the wedding customs of the two ethnic groups is definitely not something that can be listed in a few sentences, and would require a complete rewrite of the paper. Here I will cite only two points. Regarding the differences between the wedding ceremonies of the Chinese Tajiks and those of the Central Asian Tajiks, I think the most important point is the difference in beliefs. Although both the Chinese Tajiks and the Tajiks of Central Asia basically believe in Islam, most of the Chinese Tajiks belong to the Shia Ismaili branch of Islam, while most of the Tajiks of Central Asia belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. As well, the culture of the Chinese Tajik nation has undergone some changes as a result of Sinicisation.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: What role do cultural, social, and economic factors play in shaping the implementation and effectiveness of school choice policies in Chinese and American elementary education systems? A1: In China, cultural factors rooted in Confucian values, such as respect for authority, can influence the acceptance of centralized government decisions regarding school choices. Meanwhile, social factors like urban-rural disparities and the hukou system can affect the accessibility and effectiveness of school choice options. Economic factors related to resource allocation and government funding also impact the quality and availability of schools. Conversely, in the United States, cultural factors reflecting individualism and freedom of choice provide a foundation for school choice policies. Social factors such as income inequality and historical racial and economic segregation influence the ability of parents to exercise choice. Economic factors, including funding mechanisms and market dynamics, directly affect the quality and success of school choice policies. These factors interact within each country's unique context, necessitating careful consideration by policymakers to ensure equitable and effective educational opportunities.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Can you give one example of high rejection in the Parenting styles and Attachment part in affecting adolescent behaviors, furthermore, affecting their mental health condition? A1: High rejection is one example of a parenting style that can lead to significant negative impacts on adolescent behaviors and mental health. A teenager experiencing high rejection from their parents may feel unloved, unwanted, and constantly criticized. This lack of emotional support and positive reinforcement can lead to feelings of worthlessness, low self-esteem, and emotional distress in the adolescent. In attachment theory when a teenager who experiences high rejection from parents may develop an insecure attachment style, specifically called an avoidant attachment. In this attachment style, the adolescent may avoid or dismiss relationships due to the fear of rejection or criticism. This behavior can reduce their ability to form healthy relationships in friendships and romantic relationships often leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Furthermore, such negative parenting experiences can contribute to the development of behavioral issues in adolescents, such as aggression or rebellion. These behavioral problems can lead to conflicts at school, bad relationships with peers, and academic problems,increasing the adolescent's overall stress and mental health challenges.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: May I ask what theoretical framework was used to draw the conclusions in your paper? Or is there any dataset to support it? A1: Thank you for your questions and your interest in my research. My paper uses the theory of social identity to support my argument and draw conclusions. Social identity theory points out that people will establish contact with certain groups or things according to their identity to gain recognition and a sense of belonging in society. In brand marketing, I think consumers will also associate their identity with a specific brand or spokesperson. If the spokesperson is consistent with the brand's image, temperament and values, it is easier for consumers to regard the spokesperson as part of the brand. Consumers will add their emotional attachment to the spokesperson to the brand. This approach can not only enable consumers to gain a sense of identity in their social circle, but also enhance the trust and loyalty of the brand. In addition, qualified spokespersons not only have influence but also have good character, which can pass on personal charm, influence and recognition of the target audience to the brand. As a result, the target audience's willingness to buy and trust in the brand will increase. Brands will also highlight their own characteristics and advantages in the homogeneous market. Similarly, brands loved by the public can also convey their excellent influence to their spokespersons. As a result, consumers will also increase their trust in the spokesperson as if they identify with the brand. It can be seen that the suitability of brands and spokespersons plays a very important role in strengthening consumers' awareness and trust in the brand, improving their willingness to buy, increasing brand loyalty, and winning competitive advantages in the market. When choosing a spokesperson, the brand needs to have an in-depth understanding of the identity and values of the target audience to ensure that the spokesperson is consistent with the brand image and achieve a better publicity effect. In addition, about the support of data set pairs. In the case analysis of the choice of Nike brand spokesperson, I collected a large number of data on Nike's profitability before and after the endorsement. I focused on the data of the sales and market share of the spokesperson's endorsement of Nike in the past ten years and aggregated the data into a statistical chart. The data shows that the brand's revenue has been greatly improved after the spokesperson's endorsement. According to the data, I have come to the conclusion that a high degree of adaptability between the spokesperson and the brand can make the brand profitable. Subsequently, I further referred to and consulted a large number of relevant literature and materials, and further concluded that the high adaptability of spokespersons and brands has a positive impact on brand marketing. In subsequent research, I will continue to collect more comprehensive, diverse and representative data and cases to support my argument.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Could you provide insights into how Vietnam's engagement in trade frameworks with both China and the United States has evolved over time, and what factors have influenced these changes in the geopolitical and economic landscape? A1: China's trade framework over the last decade has been economically attractive to Vietnam. However, Vietnam has always been skeptical of potential political threats from China. On the other hand, Vietnam also hopes that its political inclination towards the United States will not anger China. This is the latest circumstance where the variable comes from the rise of China. The fact is that China needs to invest to address its ballooning domestic capital and alleviate potential financial conflicts. And U.S. influence abroad is resisted by domestic market needs, such as easing employment.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Have economic factors played a role in political stagnation? Is Japan's economic development, fiscal policies, and financial crises related to the political processes? A1: The plaza accords, and its effects, had a long-lasting effects on Japanese politics. Appreciation of Japanese Yen and depreciation of the USD shocked the Japanese manufacture industry, since they rely on exports. Eventually the economic bubble breaks, worsened by the contractionary policies taken at the point. After which Japan enters the “lost thirty years” characterized by a lack of economic growth. prior to the economic crisis of 2008, the first Abe Shinzo administration adopted a small-government, free market policy as many of the conservative parties will do. The effects are, consequentially, the widening of the wealth gap. During the second Abe Shinzo administration there is a lack of GDP growth, indicating his incompetence to “take back Japan’s economy”. In conclusion, economic factors, events and decisions do play a significant role in Japanese Politics. Q2: How have international factors affected Japan's political stagnation? Has Japan's foreign policy, international alliances, and security policies influenced its political decision-making? A2: Japan is under heavy United States influence, both economically and politically, as a result of the Cold War. Japan served as a geopolitically significant industrial center of the Free World during the Korean War. This also means in a sense Japan’s diplomatic position is bonded to the free world, due to the geopolitical significance it carries. For the United States, it would be beneficial to support a party which is 1. Willing to unleash the industrial giants in order to maximize Japan’s technological/industrial capability, and 2. Diplomatically pro-America, unlike the socialists/communists. therefore, the United States, as the leader of the Free World, could utilize their influence in Japan to sustain and prolong the situation(e.g. CIA funding Kishi Nobusuke). The side effects are political party alternations, and the changes brought by them, are not very often seen in post-WWII Japan.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: What ethical considerations and challenges arise when integrating AI into journalism, particularly in areas such as content curation, bias detection, and decision-making processes? How can the media industry navigate these challenges to ensure responsible and unbiased use of AI in news reporting? A1: Integrating AI into journalism brings forth several ethical considerations and challenges that need to be addressed to ensure responsible and unbiased use of this technology in news reporting. of these considerations include: (1)Content Curation: systems can assist in curating content by selecting and prior it stories. However, there is risk of over-personal, where users are only exposed information that aligns with existing beliefs. (2)Bias Detection: AI can play a role in identifying and highlighting biased content. However, algorithms themselves can be biased, reflecting the biases present in their training data or the creators. (3)Decision-Making Processes: Implementing AI in decision-making processes, such as story selection or headline generation, can lead to challenges. Journalistic decisions require values, discretion, and context comprehension, which AI may struggle to replicate. To navigate these challenges and ensure responsible and unbiased use of AI in journalism, the media industry can take the following steps: (2)Transparent Algorithmic Processes: Media organizations should be transparent about their use of AI algorithms, sharing information about how news stories are selected, prioritized, or presented. Users should be aware that their news consumption may be influenced by algorithms and have the ability to customize their preferences. (2)Diverse and Inclusive Training Data: Developers should ensure that AI models are trained on diverse and representative datasets that encompass a variety of perspectives. This can help mitigate biases in AI systems and ensure fairer decision-making. (3)Human Oversight and Judgment: The role of human journalists and editors in the decision-making process should be maintained. AI systems should be designed as tools to support human judgment rather than replace it. Journalistic values and ethical principles should guide AI system development and deployment. (4)Monitoring and Evaluation: AI systems should be constantly monitored for biases and inaccuracies. Regular audits and evaluation of the algorithms' outputs can help identify and correct any issues that arise. (5)Collaboration and Industry Standards: Media organizations and AI developers should collaborate and create industry-wide standards and best practices for the ethical use of AI in journalism. Sharing insights, experiences, and guidelines can help establish responsible AI practices.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: What does the margin or the periphery refer to, when they are mentioned in the speech? Do they mean the boundary between life and death, or the noundary between self and other? A1: I use the term “periphery” in an abstract sense. It is true that Picasso identified with Picasso living in the “margins” of society. During the Blue Period, he focused on the poor and the rejected; and during the Rise Period, he concentrated on performers at the circus or popular theaters. But I use the term “periphery” also to refer to the boundaries between life and death and self and the other. We all know that he was fascinated with the concept of death. The passing of his little sister Conchita made a huge impact in his work, as would the suicide of his friend Casagemas, or the death of his companion Eva from cancer. Picasso was also fascinated with its opposite: life. For him, there was a close relation between procreation and artistic creation, and he often suggested this in his works, associating painting with love-making . With respect to the last contrast (self vs. other), Picasso saw himself through the many people that surrounded him throughout his life. He was influenced by the poets he met (like Max Jacob, Guillaume Apollinaire, Paul Éluard, André Breton, etc.) as much as by the artists of his time (Georges Braque, Henri Matisse, etc.) or the immediate or distant past (Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh). He also experienced life through his love companions: Fernande Olivier, Eva Gouel, etc.).This is the reason why his career has often been divided in periods named after these female companions. Q2: In your theory, is Picasso's use of blue in his self-portraits and his deconstruction of form a way for him to leave his ego and enter the other? A2: It could definitely be seen this way. His systematic use of blue during the so-called Blue Period created a sort of “world beyond the real” that could allow him to connect to “the other side”. After all, one of the triggers was the death by suicide of his friend Carles Casagemas, whom he wanted to bring back to life in different ways as seen in his famous canvas La vie. I believe that the deconstruction of form during Cubism is equally related to his search for truth beyond “the surface of reality”. To that degree, his cubist compositions are also ways of looking for his true self in the “other.”

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Narrative Structure: How does the narrative structure of the work organize the story to reflect the protagonist's spiritual journey and the history of the Indigenous community? A1: Narrative structure is central to Tayo's journey and indigenous history in general. The story is told as a passage through illness that is really the result not only of the war but also of Tayo's experience of the long history of genocide and indigenous dispossession in the Americas. The spiritual journey begins with the military hospital's anestization and the "fog" Tayo's leaves with after his "recovery." Numerous indigenous medicines fail as well and the first half of the novel is told in an experimental style through multiple flashbacks and time warps where Tayo (and the reader) share experiences of dislocation in time. The second half of the novel is more chronological in the sense that we follow Tayo first to Betonie's healing ritual which is his passage to political consciouness. The illness begins to recede when he realizes that his personal fatigue does not belong to his but the affective networks of historical violence that native people share. Thus, the reason for the splitting of the novel by the poetry in the ceremony of witches that invent white people. Mountain woman is also a key part of this healing process as connecting to a wider history helps build Tayo's resistance and his key recognition that European and American settler colonialism is a process of being cordoned off in reservations on "undesirable" land. Silko analyzes this process as having to be reversed as there is no part of the land that cannot serve as a source of sustainability for native peoples and to dismiss this is to accept a Euro-American myth of value that the novel questions throughout. Q2: How does it convey the themes of resistance and revitalization? Class and Social Issues: Does the work address class, social inequality, or political issues? How are these issues related to the themes of Indigenous resistance and revitalization? A2: Revitalization is an ongoing process of resisting the temptation to overharvest, mass slaughter non-human animals, and refusing to direct historical wounding inward toward oneself and other members of the native community. One key way to recognize class in the novel is to recognize Silko's attendance to the rampant poverty to which native people have been consigned. When Betonie looks out from his mountaintop over Gallop he can gain an overview of the systemic impoverishment of brown people and the gap that separates them from white settler communities. This gaining of an overview is critical to Jameson's theorization of cognitive aesthetic mapping that is a key framework for interpretation in the paper. Also, Barbara Harlow's important book Resistance Literature attends to the critical role of storytelling as a counter-hegemonic discourse to expose the fantasies of white nationalism. Q3: Critical Perspectives: What critical perspectives or theories can be used to analyze the themes and elements in "Ceremony"? For example, how do post-colonialism, nationalism, feminism, and other viewpoints apply to this work? A3: This question would take an entire class to answer. Let it stand that the presentatiion in its abbreviated form draws on Harlow's work accompanied by Jameson. Postcolonialism is key to understanding the nature of how settler colonialism operates as a seemingly benign dispossession when compared to the military massacres that are highlighted in works such as William T. Vollmanns The Dying Grass which discusses archival reading strategies that need to be undertaken for recognizing native sources buried within colonialist imperialist histories.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: Does the social nature of Intercultural Communication have some specific differences between different regions? A1: In this case, I focused on the very “common core” of intercultural communication, which goes beyond cultural differences, since even this special type of communication still is (or remains) communication (that is, having to do with something shared, something “in common”). Eugenio Coseriu identified three primary (or primal) universals of language: semanticity (which needs no explanation here), creativity and alterity. Creativity (which characterizes culture as a whole) leads to the variety or diversity of languages and of human communication in general, while alterity (specific to human language only; the term comes from the Latin term alter ʽotherʼ) explains (or justifies), on the contrary, the homogeneity of language, the importance of linguistic traditions and the unitary nature of human communication in general (including that of intercultural communication). Obviously, we take “alterity” (ʽothernessʼ) in its linguistic (and not imagological) meaning; and precisely this concept explains our desire (and the efforts we make) to be understood by the others (even when they belong to other/different cultures and speak foreign languages), constituting the fundament of sociality/socialness. Actually, in the absence of alterity, the concept of “intercultural communication” would be a non-sense. On the other hand, intercultural communication (as a discipline/science) focuses on cultural differences, as well, since - in order to attain the desired mutual understanding - one needs to take into account those specific cultural differences which, otherwise, when neglected, may jeopardize the (intercultural) communication in itself. Q2: Can you provide specific examples of how the principles of your research can be practically applied to enhance intercultural communication in diverse settings, such as businesses, educational institutions, or international diplomacy? A2: There are some fact(or)s and elements we should take care of in order to improve or enhance the process of intercultural communication in different fields (such as businesses, educational institutions, or international diplomacy); that is, first of all, to avoid anything that could lead to misunderstanding(s) in the aforementioned settings. In this regard, certainly, aberrant decoding (a concept theorized and exemplified by Umberto Eco in semiotics, and later developed by John Fiske in cultural studies) is a case in point. When speaking, we make use not only of a (historical) language in itself, but also of ideas/beliefs or opinions about “things”; we operate with a special type of competence, that is a kind of “knowledge of «things»”, too. That is why, we need to know the cultural background (including the religious differences, too) of our interlocutors, to be aware of the different contexts and circumstances in which we communicate. Apart from these, there are certain principles to be followed if one wishes to attain the mutual understanding; some of them are specific to hermeneutics, too (for instance, the so-called “principle of charity” or the “principle of trust”). Before rejecting someone’s discourse (and considering it, in haste, a meaningless one), we should try patiently, first of all, to understand his/her point of view. For example, in international diplomacy, even if both parts (as non-English speakers) use the English language as a means of (international) communication, they should still take into consideration the intercultural communication, since verbal communication (important as it is) is not sufficient.

Here are the questions we collected and the answers replied by the presenter: Q1: What innovative methodologies and technologies are currently being employed in educational research and development, and how do these approaches contribute to the creation of effective learning materials and teaching strategies? A1: Concerning creating effective learning materials and teaching strategies, the approaches I employ in my teaching context are to follow Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). By following CLT, you will need to design the materials for various tasks and for tasks; you certainly need to decide the teaching strategy to be employed in the class. While responding to the first part of the question, I would like to emphasize on the need to produce problem-based research; may it be classroom research or outside the class. Particularly, that research needs to bridge the existing gap in the context you are working in. for this purpose, strategy to produce the research needs to be realistic and need-based which can encounter the challenges our societies are faced with. Q2: What challenges and opportunities exist in the process of publishing educational research, and how can the dissemination of findings be optimized to reach a diverse audience of educators, policymakers, and researchers? A2: Well, publishing educational research has become quite convenient. With this approach, quality research can hardly be produced and the people are moving toward the quantity rather than the quality; quality suffers the most. While responding to the latter part of the question, I believe that networking is important. Research work needs to be published and produced at various international forums so that the findings of the research may be included in the matters of policy making and various diverse issues societies are encountered with.