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Technologies Discussion
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Приєднався 2 жов 2021
S Parameter Part 9. Example to Show How to Convert Scattering S Parameters to Impedance Z Parameters
Parameter playlist. Watch these video to understand more on Parameter like Z, Y, H, S, T and ABCD Parameters.
ua-cam.com/video/DLeGHBdmou0/v-deo.html
Converting from S Parameters (Scattering Parameters) to Z Parameters (Impedance Parameters) is often necessary for several reasons, particularly when working with different models or frameworks in electronics and RF (radio frequency) engineering. Here are some key reasons why this conversion is needed:
1. Different Representation of Networks
S Parameters and Z Parameters represent different ways to describe the behavior of an electrical network.
S Parameters are most commonly used for high-frequency applications (e.g., RF, microwave), as they describe how signals are reflected and transmitted through a network. They relate input and output voltages and currents to the incident and reflected waves.
Z Parameters, on the other hand, are often used in low-frequency applications, such as circuit analysis and design involving impedance matching, as they relate the voltage and current at the ports of the network in terms of impedance.
2. Impedance Matching
Z Parameters directly give the impedance relationship between the ports of the network, when designing circuits that need to match impedances to minimize reflections or maximize power transfer.
If you are working with an RF or microwave network and need to design circuits that match specific impedances, converting the S Parameters to Z Parameters can make it easier to incorporate impedance values directly into the design.
3. Analysis in Circuit Design
Z Parameters are useful in circuit analysis methods such as nodal or mesh analysis, where the network's impedance behavior is important. For example, in analog circuit design, Z Parameters are used for describing networks in terms of voltage and current relationships.
S Parameters, being based on wave analysis, might not provide direct impedance information, making Z Parameters more suitable for certain analytical methods in circuit design.
4. Simpler for Low-Frequency Designs
For low-frequency circuits or designs where the network behavior is dominated by resistive elements (like DC or low-frequency AC circuits), Z Parameters are more intuitive because they represent the network in terms of resistances, reactances and inductances.
S Parameters, which are based on wave scattering and the transmission line theory, become less useful at low frequencies since wave propagation effects are less significant.
5. Computational Convenience
In some cases, it might be computationally more convenient to work with Z Parameters, especially when using certain software tools or simulation environments. For example, Z Parameters are often used in simulations for steady-state analysis, where the system’s impedance matrix is important for solving voltage and current distributions.
6. Conversion Back and Forth Between Parameters
Sometimes, you might need to convert between different parameter types because of different design phases or tools used. For instance, you may begin with S Parameters from measurements or simulations but need to use Z Parameters for further analysis or design steps.
In some practical cases, you may have a system or component that is characterized in one set of parameters (e.g., S Parameters), but the rest of the system is characterized in another (e.g., Z Parameters), so conversion is necessary for seamless integration.
Conversion Process
The process of converting from S Parameters to Z Parameters involves using mathematical relationships between the two:
S Parameters relate to the incident and reflected waves, while Z Parameters relate to the voltages and currents at the ports.
Conversion formulas depend on the specific network's number of ports and the characteristic impedance of the system (e.g., 50 "Ω")
For a two-port network:
The Z Parameters can be derived from the S Parameters using matrix operations involving the network’s characteristic impedance.
ua-cam.com/video/DLeGHBdmou0/v-deo.html
Converting from S Parameters (Scattering Parameters) to Z Parameters (Impedance Parameters) is often necessary for several reasons, particularly when working with different models or frameworks in electronics and RF (radio frequency) engineering. Here are some key reasons why this conversion is needed:
1. Different Representation of Networks
S Parameters and Z Parameters represent different ways to describe the behavior of an electrical network.
S Parameters are most commonly used for high-frequency applications (e.g., RF, microwave), as they describe how signals are reflected and transmitted through a network. They relate input and output voltages and currents to the incident and reflected waves.
Z Parameters, on the other hand, are often used in low-frequency applications, such as circuit analysis and design involving impedance matching, as they relate the voltage and current at the ports of the network in terms of impedance.
2. Impedance Matching
Z Parameters directly give the impedance relationship between the ports of the network, when designing circuits that need to match impedances to minimize reflections or maximize power transfer.
If you are working with an RF or microwave network and need to design circuits that match specific impedances, converting the S Parameters to Z Parameters can make it easier to incorporate impedance values directly into the design.
3. Analysis in Circuit Design
Z Parameters are useful in circuit analysis methods such as nodal or mesh analysis, where the network's impedance behavior is important. For example, in analog circuit design, Z Parameters are used for describing networks in terms of voltage and current relationships.
S Parameters, being based on wave analysis, might not provide direct impedance information, making Z Parameters more suitable for certain analytical methods in circuit design.
4. Simpler for Low-Frequency Designs
For low-frequency circuits or designs where the network behavior is dominated by resistive elements (like DC or low-frequency AC circuits), Z Parameters are more intuitive because they represent the network in terms of resistances, reactances and inductances.
S Parameters, which are based on wave scattering and the transmission line theory, become less useful at low frequencies since wave propagation effects are less significant.
5. Computational Convenience
In some cases, it might be computationally more convenient to work with Z Parameters, especially when using certain software tools or simulation environments. For example, Z Parameters are often used in simulations for steady-state analysis, where the system’s impedance matrix is important for solving voltage and current distributions.
6. Conversion Back and Forth Between Parameters
Sometimes, you might need to convert between different parameter types because of different design phases or tools used. For instance, you may begin with S Parameters from measurements or simulations but need to use Z Parameters for further analysis or design steps.
In some practical cases, you may have a system or component that is characterized in one set of parameters (e.g., S Parameters), but the rest of the system is characterized in another (e.g., Z Parameters), so conversion is necessary for seamless integration.
Conversion Process
The process of converting from S Parameters to Z Parameters involves using mathematical relationships between the two:
S Parameters relate to the incident and reflected waves, while Z Parameters relate to the voltages and currents at the ports.
Conversion formulas depend on the specific network's number of ports and the characteristic impedance of the system (e.g., 50 "Ω")
For a two-port network:
The Z Parameters can be derived from the S Parameters using matrix operations involving the network’s characteristic impedance.
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EMC Part 66. Practical Steps for Radiated Immunity (RI) Testing According to IEC/EN 61000-4-3.
Переглядів 110День тому
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Digital Transceiver Part 3. Receiver Roles of Down Converter, Demodulator, Channel & Source Decoder.
Переглядів 151День тому
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Impedance Matching Part 17. Design Example of Taper Line by Linear, Exp, Triangular & Klopfenstein.
Переглядів 11421 день тому
Impedance Matching playlist. Watch these video to understand more on Impedance Matching ua-cam.com/video/GOttUaUd7fs/v-deo.html Impedance Matching Part 16. Taper Lines 1) Linear, 2) Exponential, 3) Triangular & 4) Klopfenstein. ua-cam.com/video/5opR4gnoJqk/v-deo.html Example to show how to design a linear taper, triangular taper, an exponential taper and a Klopfenstein taper (with "Γ"m = 0.02) ...
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Wireless Connectivity Part 1. Wireless Personal PAN, Local LAN, Metro MAN & Wide WAN Area Network.
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Filter Design Part 34. How to Design the Simplest BandStop Filter, BSF with Steeper Rolloff Factor.
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please framwork
How do you determine how many N or order for each circuit? Do we set it ourselves or is there any calculation for it?
Can I have a PPT of this video?
I am so sorry. At this moment, I am not able to share the note. Thank you for your understanding.
why is F0 defined as sqrt(F1F2) in 2:54 but calculated as (F1+F2)/2 in 7:19?
You should get the same answer when using either one of the formulas. Sorry for the confusion.
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 all good, thanks!
This video discusses why we need different parameters such as Scattering Parameters (S-parameters), Z-parameters, and Impedance Parameters. It also provides an example to demonstrate how to convert S-parameters to Z-parameters.
Just receive notification from Ur jump and watch the best topics in technology ❤🙏🙏🙏
Thank you so much for your strong support!!! :) Really nice of you. I take a little break today and went over to Malaysia. :) Thanks, again. :)
Very good playlist actually
Thank you so much for your nice comment. :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
Thank you for taking the time to watch this video. I understand that sustainability topics may not be very popular on my channel, but I still want to contribute my part to promoting sustainability. First of all, since I am now involved in the field of sustainability, I believe the best way to learn is by sharing my humble knowledge. Additionally, I think sustainability is incredibly important and should be shared with everyone. Thanks :) Sincerely urge you to help by Like this video!!! Appreciate your strong Support! :)
is there a similar video about de-embedding
Not yet, bro. Hopefully soon. :)
How to calculate(deside) modulation dept?
Is a requirement by the standard and we dun need to do any calculation. :)
Why the 1kHz AM with 80% modulation is used in radiated immunity test?
The use of a 1 kHz amplitude-modulated (AM) signal with 80% modulation depth in radiated immunity testing is standardized and serves specific technical and practical purposes in evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electronic devices. In short, is a standard. :)
Thanks too much 🙏🙏🙏
Thank again for your continuous strong support!!! :) Cheers. :)
Awesome keep doing great work
Thank you for your strong support!!! :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
Thank you for your support! In this video, I will share a hands-on lab demo on performing Radiated Immunity testing. This demonstration takes place in a real lab setup in a 3-meter chamber.
Thank you so much Sir i need PDF files plz
I am so sorry. At this moment, I am not able to share the note. Thank you for your understanding.
nice video
Thank you :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
Thank you for seeing this video. Digital Transceiver consists mainly 2 parts: Transmitter and Receiver. This video explains the role of the receiver side including the Down Converter, Demodulator, Channel Decoder and Source Encoder.
🙏🙏🙏🙏
Thank you so much for your strong support!!! I really appreciate that. :) Cheers
Thank you for the course! I really hope you make a video about transmission zero band pass filters.
Noted with thanks. But I really need time. Thanks for your supporting. :)
Hello sir, How can i communicate with you i have a question about low pass filter length
You can send your questions to my email. :)
can you send framework ?
Send me your email. :) Pls give me some time. Thank you for your understanding.
Please post a video on IEC 61000-4-4 test up and measurements.
Sure :)
I need to design a balun for dipole and to feed i need to make sure phase difference is 180 degree for both arms. How can i use this website to make the phase difference of 180 degree by transforming 50ohm to 180ohm. Can you please guide abt thid
Is almost not possible that I can explain by text here. Maybe a video will be better. Will need some time.
@ it will be much pleasure if you explain in a video im struggling with these design techniques but not able to get it completely.
Understand. I have done the design of Balun (From Microstrip to Stripline) before. 1st I dun understand how u have a phase different of 180 degree by transform the resistance value from 50 to 180? Anyway, hope to find time to do the video soon. :)
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 it is like the i have to excite printed dipole antenna for that i need to excite each arm by phase of 180 so each arm get equal and opposite current
Then u no need to change the impedance value. If change then there will be mismatch.
💐💐💐
Once again, thank you so much :)
How are Rs and RL series in one circuit but parallel in the other circuit?
Is because one is for series resonator and the other is for parallel resonator so hence RS and RL will be series for series resonator and parallel when parallel resonator.
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 Thanks for the replay but its still a bit vague. In the parallel circuit Rs is still in series with the other part of the circuit. Rs shares the top node with the three other components but it doesnt share the bottom node, does it? Arent C,L and RL grounded at the bottom while Rs is connected to source instead of ground?
When we do circuit analysis, we will short the source, hence they will all parallels. For Eg, when we need to find the equivalent impedance, we short the voltage source, open the current source to "remove" it.
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 Thanks! That makes sense! Love your videos btw!
Thank you so much for your encouragement. :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
Great video. I could get the point that current travels over whole copper pour at 1 kHz. I didnt get why that path is the shorter path for the current to return.
Path B is to flow on the gnd plane. Therefore, the path is the shortest. Why Path A has a longer route because it follows the PCB surface conductor route so hence tech, is longer. :)
I love your channel
Thank you so much for your encouragement. :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
Can you please explain about Pulse magnetic field verification as per IEC 61000-4-9
Noted with thanks. :) Once I completed RI and CI.
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 thank you☺
Welcome!!! :)
Great video! Can we use the website to solve for Chebyshev Impedance Match as well?
For this video? This video shares how to get the width and length of Microstrip line base on Impedance and length like λg/4. Any methods can also apply this once you have the impedance or reference length like λg/4. Thanks.
How do you go from the admittance values to the line widths at the end ?
U can see this video: Filter Design Part 21. How to Obtain the Width & Length of Microstrip Line, Given Impedance & Phase. ua-cam.com/video/_gDfVK5dPhY/v-deo.html
🙏💐💐 Waiting for your new video
Thank you for your strong support!!! I really appreciate :)
What are your thoughts on mioty?
I feel they are a bit too late to come onboard. I believe License LPWANs will have some significant gain once 5G on m2m is ready in 2025. But mioty is a great tech and they look more like Sigfox which saw a decline of market shares. My point of view only. :)
Can you make a tutorial on how to design filters using radial stubs?
Yes I can. But I need some time as I have quite a list of request. Thank you for your understanding. :)
@@technologiesdiscussion1676Thank you, No problem ❤
@@Hari-uy3rm Thank you for your understanding. But u are a member & I will try my best. :)
I have a question about checking the linearity/saturation in the step 8. Is there a reason why 5.1 dB is selected?
I guess I have forgotten to explain this in the video. 5.1 dB value specifically stems from standards such as those by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and other RI guidelines, which set this as a practical limit to maintain linearity. It’s chosen based on empirical data showing that it helps achieve consistent linearity over a wide range of devices and frequencies. By reducing the input level by 5.1 dB, the signal remains in a range where the system behaves predictably and uniformly without intermodulation distortion, which could otherwise affect the measurement.
what will be the impact if we use a copper table inside the chamber
If you use a copper table, you can imagine that there will be many reflected waves in the chamber, which is undesirable. We only want to measure the direct path and eliminate the rest. Therefore, the results may not be consistent if a copper table is inside the chamber.
Understood.Thanks for your quick reply and response.
No Problem. :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
really helpful lectures. I want to ask you if I have midband frequency fo = 3GHz then how I will select the parameters.
If u only change the midband freq then only the length of the transmission lines change. The rest like impedances are still the same. :)
@technologiesdiscussion1676 Thanks for your reply.
No Problem. :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 done
Thank you so much for your help :)
where can i get the transformation table
You can find it Prof David Pozar, "Microwave Engineering Textbk. :)
Wow this video is beautiful, Thank you so much.
Thank you for your nice words. :) Appreciate u can help by Like this Video and Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you so much. :)
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 At the end how did you say we can figure out the length of the MircroStrip?
You can see this video to design the Width and Length of the micrstrip line. Filter Design Part 21. How to Obtain the Width & Length of Microstrip Line, Given Impedance & Phase. ua-cam.com/video/_gDfVK5dPhY/v-deo.html
Good evening Do you have video how to transform banpass filter on lumped elements to microstrip banpass filter?
I have a more detailed discussion one on LowPass Filter. ua-cam.com/video/Ik0JmLcVHSg/v-deo.html This is for bandpass filter but I guess u need the lowpass design to fully understand the process: ua-cam.com/video/5XhJW5vKoFk/v-deo.html
not sure why this was recommended to me, but it's pretty cool!
Thank you :)
Wow! Thank you for video!
Thanks for watching! You can help by Like this Video & Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you. :)
Can we build an in house LISN? Maybe for current as high as 200A? Do you have any recommendations for that?
Wow, 200A, I think is very challenging. I am not sure what will be the diameter of the wire. I am sorry, I dun have the expertise on this big current.
Can we build an in house LISN? Maybe for current as high as 200A? Do you have any recommendations for that?
Really very difficult to DIY LISN that can support 200A. I think the diameter of the wire and the heat on the cable will be the major concern.
what is purpose of SMPS ground ,, its shows DC voltage, While checking ground and DC (-)
Thank you :) Yes, the ground acts as the reference point for all voltage levels within the SMPS circuit, which is crucial for accurate voltage regulation.
Amazing series, helped me alot. Thanks
Happy that this is useful :) Pls also help me by Like this Video & Subscribe to this Channel. Thank you. :)
🙏💐💐
Thank you so much :)
❤
Thank you :) 👍
Sir i am designing a power divider/ combiner. I have a doubt, if signal is travelling from port 1 to port 2,port 3 and it is -3db . If signal travel from port 2 and 3 then it should add the signal and it should be 0 db. But if i simulate it s 21 is -3db and s 12 should be 0 db but i am getting -3db.
Sorry, your question is not cleared. :) I dun really understand it. Sorry abt that.
If it is 1:2 power divider, the power gets splitted equally in port 2 and port 3. If I give my input signal in port 2 and 3, the power should be added in port 1. Am I right?
Got it. :) Power Divider normally is one direction only. For example, u need to denote input & output. Hence, if 1:2 power divider, the power gets splitted equally in port 2 and port 3. But reverse, is unknown and depend on your design. :) Hope I answer your question.
Hi , thank you very much for your very useful channel.. My question: how to calculate the coil distributed capacitance theoretically using Formula only.
Is very difficult to calculate the coil distributed capacitance in pure theoretically and therefore I suggest this method to calculate it. :)
@@technologiesdiscussion1676 Thank you very much
@@RightlyFree You are welcome. :)
Thank you sir When can be the next video I want some examples for this
Pls consider to subscribe and turn on your Notification bell so when I have new post u will rx notification. Thanks. :)
I have done the video: ua-cam.com/video/uHLLa9zlkGU/v-deo.html