Tetrolith
Tetrolith
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Beyond Exponentiation: A Tetration Investigation
Repeating addition gives multiplication, repeating multiplication gives exponentiation, but what happens when you repeat exponentiation? That is called tetration, and this video explores some of its properties. More specifically, I examine one possible way to extend the domain of tetration to rational heights.
For further reading:
en.citizendium.org/wiki/tetration
Music - Drifting at 432 Hz | Unicorn Heads
This video is a submission to the Summer of Math Exposition Contest (#SoME3)
Переглядів: 106 733

Відео

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @CringeLifeStyle
    @CringeLifeStyle 13 днів тому

    I kept getting confused as to how 2 to 3 tetrated = 16 then how 2 to 4 tetrated was 65536 but after watching this I gained the proper knowledge on how to preform the function, by simply going down the tower of power I go say 2^2 (for the very top being used to use exponentiation the part of the tower 1 down ) which is 4 then it goes down to next 2 making it 2^4 which is 16 then since no part of the tower remains its just the original value of 2^16 which = 65536, god I love when I finally understand math :D

  • @pentalogue_trialogue
    @pentalogue_trialogue 22 дні тому

    4 + 2.5 = 4 + (1 + 1 + 0.5) Integers or natural numbers (mostly) 4 × 2.5 = 4 + 4 + (4 × 0.5) Integers or rational numbers (mostly) 4 ^ 2.5 = 4 × 4 × (4 ^ 0.5) Rational or irrational numbers (mostly) 4 ^^ 2.5 = 4 ^ (4 ^ (4 ^^ 0.5)) Irrational or transcendental numbers (mostly)

  • @heathertilton3056
    @heathertilton3056 Місяць тому

    2³=2×2×2=2×4=2+2+2+2+2+2=8

  • @lexmolasko
    @lexmolasko Місяць тому

    I do thought of repeated exponentiation

  • @echoliang69
    @echoliang69 2 місяці тому

    After watching some videos, I will try to explain 7 growing levels of making a number bigger. If the explanations aren’t clear, I’m sorry, as I’m only a Gr. 5 student, and I’m only doing this out of boredom. Here are the levels: 1. Succesion 2. Addition 3. Multiplication 4. Exponentiation 5. Tetration 6. Pentation 7. Hexation 1. Succesion is basically adding 1 to the number, which we will set as A, pretty simple. So if A was 1, then Succesion would simply add 1 to it, therefore the equation would be: 1+1, which equals 2. 2. Addition is repeated Succession. It is adding A and B together, which could also be written as adding 1 to A a B amount of times. 3. Multiplication is repeated edition. It is adding A to B, a C amount of times. 4. Exponentiation is repeated Multiplication. It’s multiplying the answer of A times B, a C amount of times. 5. Tetration is repeated Exponentiation. It is exponentiating A to B, a C amount of times. 6. Pentration is repeated Tetration. It is tetrating A to B, a C amount of times. 7. Hexation is repeated Pentration. It is pentrating A to B, a C amount of times. Hopefully that made sense, and keep in mind I’m only in Gr. 5.

  • @falafel_83
    @falafel_83 4 місяці тому

    I really hope that all the mathetmaticians agree on expanding this marvellous monster operation and getting inspiration from this video! Congrats for this great video! 👏👏👏

  • @moonyl5341
    @moonyl5341 4 місяці тому

    could you do ⁻²x with complex numbers?

    • @Ostup_Burtik
      @Ostup_Burtik 3 місяці тому

      x^^-2 is -∞, because ln(0)=-∞

  • @Ostup_Burtik
    @Ostup_Burtik 4 місяці тому

    20:05 20:05 20:05

  • @AnCoSt1
    @AnCoSt1 4 місяці тому

    Very cool video - well done!

  • @famerzin
    @famerzin 5 місяців тому

    16:14 ln0 or log0 can be intended as -infinity or a expansion for 3d complex numbers since with complex numbers we cant calculate it.

  • @tuanhyonguyen7144
    @tuanhyonguyen7144 5 місяців тому

    Can you do pentation pls? Idk anything about pentation

  • @eastherwilson9356
    @eastherwilson9356 6 місяців тому

    In exponentiation positive power shows multiplication and negative power shows division. opposite of positive is negative just like opposite of multiplication is division , so In Tetration positive power shows exponentiation and negative power shows logarithm(log)

  • @user-sq4wo7ml8r
    @user-sq4wo7ml8r 6 місяців тому

    I just wrote "Beyond tetration: a pentation investigation" on the search box...

  • @sahilhossain8204
    @sahilhossain8204 6 місяців тому

    Lore of Beyond Exponentiation: A Tetration Investigation momentum 100

  • @Chewwy-bwossom
    @Chewwy-bwossom 7 місяців тому

    Tetration and also pentation and hexation too are wonderful things. Unfortunately, the numbers they create are way too big

  • @user-uq2dq2co4m
    @user-uq2dq2co4m 7 місяців тому

    A closed form solution of x^x=e is x=e^W(1) ~ 1.76322

  • @Questiala124
    @Questiala124 7 місяців тому

    5:22 I haven’t watched the video Ye this but I already know a short way. I start with the example x tetrated by 3, this is he same as x to the x to the x. In general x tetrated by n is x to the x n/2 times. now I’ll take the natural log of x tetrated to 3, this is the same as the natural log of x to the x to the x. We multiply the powers to get the natural log of x to the x times x, which is the same as the natural log of x to the x squared. Now a property of logarithms is that the log (including natural log) of x to some power is the number in the exponent section times the log of x. So we fix our equation as x squared times the natural log of x. In our equation we can now say x tetrated to n is the same as x to the n-1 time the natural log of x. And it’s reasonable (and true) to assume this works for all numbers. Therefore we just take e to the power of this formula and we have an equation for tetration.

  • @damonpalovaara4211
    @damonpalovaara4211 7 місяців тому

    A linear regression using newtons method would be much quicker and is probably simpler to program. However it's not as fancy as your solution

  • @RikardoAHP
    @RikardoAHP 7 місяців тому

    Why is tetration 2^(2^2) and not (2^2)^2 ? The latter would make more sense to me in the sense of hyperoperations, any insights would be helpful. Thanks!

    • @denizkirbiyik9221
      @denizkirbiyik9221 7 місяців тому

      Exponents are always done first due to the order of operations, so you have to start at the top.

    • @johttacusj.j.begallo1432
      @johttacusj.j.begallo1432 6 місяців тому

      They are two different operations. 2^(2^2) is right tetration while (2^2)^2 is left tetration. Standard tetration was defined to be made on the right because of exponentiation notation 2^2^2 = 2^(2^2).

  • @VitalayManin
    @VitalayManin 7 місяців тому

    кто решит дам 1 ТРЛН Рублей: Решай со мной (1+1/x)^x =3 Чему равен Х

  • @alejandrovallejo4330
    @alejandrovallejo4330 7 місяців тому

    This is all fine and dandy, but how do you call repeated tetration?

    • @asheep7797
      @asheep7797 7 місяців тому

      Pentation, Hexation, Heptation, Octation, Nonation... You can see the pattern.

    • @denizkirbiyik9221
      @denizkirbiyik9221 7 місяців тому

      Pentation

  • @Games83642
    @Games83642 8 місяців тому

    Do yo need to do this complex math? I literally found the 1/2th tetration of 3 with the help of chatgpt.

    • @denizkirbiyik9221
      @denizkirbiyik9221 7 місяців тому

      ChatGPT cannot do this. ChatGPT fails at basic algebra and calculus.

    • @Games83642
      @Games83642 7 місяців тому

      @@denizkirbiyik9221 Well if you ask it directly it won't be able to do it, you just gotta break it down a little.

    • @epicperson-od2hy
      @epicperson-od2hy 4 місяці тому

      What value did ChatGPT give you? Using the method in the video I got approximately 1.7068.

  • @SKT_Playz
    @SKT_Playz 8 місяців тому

    Can you do the same video to Pentation ? Like using Real Numbers in Pentation

  • @CodeBlueWiki
    @CodeBlueWiki 8 місяців тому

    Can you do tetration tower like ³ ³ 3 Or Pentation 3 ³

  • @sergelysak
    @sergelysak 8 місяців тому

    @14:46 I don't see how you can get 5a(x) and not 6a(x). If 3a(x) = a(a(a(x))), then 2a(3a(x)) = 2a( a(a(a(x))) ) = a(a(a( a(a(a(x))) ))) = 6a(x)

    • @sans1331
      @sans1331 3 місяці тому

      i mean he’s basing it off a different rule he found earlier in the video, that being ma(na(x))=(m+n)a(x) therefore making 2a(3a(x))=5a(x)

  • @KTS137
    @KTS137 8 місяців тому

    We cant go further to the negative number tetrations ? That was my doubt brother. Also you are absolute genius because you are the only one ive seen do it in this huge platform bro , you deserve more support , thank you man!

    • @Farzriyaz
      @Farzriyaz 7 місяців тому

      Actually, there are 2 ways to tetrate with negative number exponents, using either opposite of exponentiation.

  • @csehszlovakze
    @csehszlovakze 8 місяців тому

    I can't even begin to wonder what a complex tetration would look like

  • @ToanPham-wr7xe
    @ToanPham-wr7xe 8 місяців тому

    😮

  • @callmespork3082
    @callmespork3082 8 місяців тому

    Interesting!

  • @VladVideos0
    @VladVideos0 8 місяців тому

    ⁿn or n^^n=n^^^2

  • @jamesburrelljr.8561
    @jamesburrelljr.8561 8 місяців тому

    Sorry its too much algebra.😕

  • @aloismelichar815
    @aloismelichar815 8 місяців тому

    Why do you set the coefficients of the different powers of x to 1, 1 and 1/2 at 20:33?

  • @oaardvqrk5965
    @oaardvqrk5965 8 місяців тому

    I feel like tetration would be more useful in a 4-dimensional universe

  • @ryanman0083
    @ryanman0083 8 місяців тому

    Real numbers can be defined with super Logarithm (inverse of Tetration) By definition sLog2 (2^^3) = 3 NOTE: "sLog" is a notation for super Logarithm. Like how Logarithm cancels the base leaving the exponent ex. Log2 (2^3) = 3 super Logarithm does the same with Tetration leaving the super power. We can use super Logarithm to solve non integer super powers since super Logarithm is repeated Logarithm by definition. Let's let sLog2 (16) = 3+x Where 0 ≤ x < 1 (represents a 0 or decimal) sLog2 (2^^3) = sLog2 (2^2^2) => Log2(2^2^2) = 2^2 => Log2(2^2) = 2 =>Log2(2) = 1 At this point we've taken three logs representing our integer part of the solution (given by the fact that the answer is equal to 1). We just take log again for the decimal x (the remainder of 2's that we need.) Log2 (1) = 0 Thus sLog2 (16) = 3+0 = 3 Well let's look at what happens when we go backwards through the same process to see what happens to the remainder. Log2 (Log2 (Log2 (Log2 (16)))) = 0 Log2 (Log2 (Log2 (16))) = 2^0 Log2 (Log2 (16)) = 2^2^0 Log2 (16) = 2^2^2^0 16 = 2^2^2^2^0 = 2^2^2 = 2^^(3+0) The remainder adds an extra '2' to the top of the power tower and the additional 2 is raised to the power of the remainder For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 By definition sLog a(a^^3+x) => a^a^a^a^x By definition of Tetration a^^3+x = a^a^^2+x = a^a^a^^1+x = a^a^a^a^^x a^a^a^a^^x = a^a^a^a^x a^a^a^^x = a^a^a^x a^a^^x = a^a^x a^^x = a^x by definition for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 so e^^1/2 = e^1/2 = √e ≈ 1.6487212707

    • @sans1331
      @sans1331 3 місяці тому

      wow, well said. great observation.

    • @sans1331
      @sans1331 3 місяці тому

      what seems to be overlooked a lot is that even if different answers are met with different methods, the answer other people get for e^^1/2 is still very, *_very_* close to sqrt(e).

  • @niftimalcompression
    @niftimalcompression 8 місяців тому

    22:49 you say 1, do you not mean 0?

  • @williamcompitello2302
    @williamcompitello2302 8 місяців тому

    Someone: My problems get exponentially larger! Someone emo:

  • @MozzarellaWizard
    @MozzarellaWizard 8 місяців тому

    I have entered the Mathematics Realm in UA-cam it appears.

  • @feynstein1004
    @feynstein1004 9 місяців тому

    1:11 Can we also do this backwards? i.e. Express addition itself as doing something else repeatedly?

    • @returndislikes6906
      @returndislikes6906 8 місяців тому

      Thats called zeration or hyper0 operator

    • @feynstein1004
      @feynstein1004 8 місяців тому

      @@returndislikes6906 So.............basically doing nothing? 😅

    • @returndislikes6906
      @returndislikes6906 8 місяців тому

      @@feynstein1004 its logical operator. it is similar to max function

    • @feynstein1004
      @feynstein1004 8 місяців тому

      @@returndislikes6906 Hmm I don't understand

  • @biometrix_
    @biometrix_ 9 місяців тому

    12:23 But... why can you do this???

  • @notwithouttext
    @notwithouttext 9 місяців тому

    yknow you could've reused the nested function notation for exp

  • @ImchautzuCHAUTZU
    @ImchautzuCHAUTZU 9 місяців тому

    I initially thought of it as arrow notation rather than the superscript notation Graham’s # is unnecessarily big

    • @yglyglya
      @yglyglya 9 місяців тому

      It's really small, just ≈ 3{{1}}65

  • @DrumTimes_
    @DrumTimes_ 9 місяців тому

    You are so smart. I have conviction that this is very important in math.

  • @Blackfromstickworld
    @Blackfromstickworld 9 місяців тому

    What about repeated tetration

  • @22tfortnitevevo
    @22tfortnitevevo 9 місяців тому

    googology flashbacks

  • @user-lp4mw9pc8e
    @user-lp4mw9pc8e 9 місяців тому

    The methods you have employed in this exploration are really quite primitive. Lambert's numbers, first off, have no generalized exponentiation manifold that can be used to complete the same analysis you have here postulated. Furthermore, Euler's grid-based derivative theorems have no tangible sequential proof that can be reasonably extrapolated to iterate f(x)=e^$ combinatorically. Functions of tetration are not numerically ordinal AT ALL. No one past the 2nd grade can make the claims that you have, unless they hit their head and the brain cells containing all mention of Fermat's Polynomial Truncated Formula are instantly destroyed. ALSO, nice partial-numerical truncation function bypass at 8:45, I know you tried to slip that past unsuspecting viewers but I caught it.

  • @jackricky5453
    @jackricky5453 9 місяців тому

    Great Video. Hope you post more, but I do wonder how one would generalize to the irrational numbers.

  • @mavaction
    @mavaction 9 місяців тому

    Well.. I can't think of anyone more suited to explore the next hyper-operation... I guess "pentatration".... Which sounds risky. I honestly dread the thought...

  • @mavaction
    @mavaction 9 місяців тому

    I'll have what he's having.

  • @HarambaeXelonmuskfans
    @HarambaeXelonmuskfans 9 місяців тому

    Tetrisation

  • @xaxazakxak4732
    @xaxazakxak4732 9 місяців тому

    Is using 3 parameters to the "exp" function (a superscript, a subscript, and a regular parameter) standard? I didn't know what this meant and the internet didn't help. Also, is there any way that non-integer hyperoperators (eg the 1.5th hyperoperator between addition and multiplication) make sense? :)