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Serge Levesque
Приєднався 10 тра 2016
Switching DC Current
A tutorial on how to deal with arcing that is associated with switching direct current.
Переглядів: 833
Відео
The Universal Motor
Переглядів 4282 роки тому
A video tutorial on identifying this type of motor and how to adjust the carbon brushes
Desk build
Переглядів 1332 роки тому
A video update on a Walnut and cherry desk I am building for my daughter.
Dealing with a floating neutral
Переглядів 13 тис.3 роки тому
A video tutorial on how electrical measurements can be affected when working with a floating neutral.
Measuring phase rotation
Переглядів 4,3 тис.3 роки тому
A video tutorial on how measure phase rotation on three-phase systems.
Forward & Reversing circuits featuring a garage door
Переглядів 2,1 тис.3 роки тому
A video tutorial on how forward & reversing circuits function and the control strategy involved.
The perils of locked rotor current
Переглядів 6 тис.3 роки тому
A video demonstration of the result of immobilizing the output shaft of an electric motor.
My motor is single-phasing!
Переглядів 11 тис.3 роки тому
A video demonstration of the result of a three-phase induction motor losing a phase.
The Compound Dynamo
Переглядів 3073 роки тому
A video tutorial about what aspects can affect the DC generator's power output and their limitations. Discussion on how to compensate for line loss and best practices for adjusting the output voltage.
Setting the Brushes on a DC machine
Переглядів 9273 роки тому
A video tutorial that shocases the importance of setting the carbon brushes on a DC machine for optimal performance.
The DC Dynamo
Переглядів 2274 роки тому
A video tutorial that shocases the construction and principle of operation of the DC dynamo
Avoiding creating a series circuit in Control circuits
Переглядів 4444 роки тому
A tutorial that showcases why creating a series circuit inside a control circuit should be avoided.
Three-phase circuit calculations
Переглядів 7394 роки тому
A tutorial on three-phase R-L-C circuit calculations that feature a three-phase distribution transformer
How to test transformers
Переглядів 33 тис.4 роки тому
A tutorial involving how to effectively test a three-phase distribution transformer
Sizing control transformers
Переглядів 1,3 тис.4 роки тому
A tutorial involving a demonstration of undersized control transformers and how to go about sizing them properly.
Sizing a capacitor for PF correction
Переглядів 45 тис.4 роки тому
Sizing a capacitor for PF correction
Power Factor Correction Demonstration
Переглядів 4,9 тис.4 роки тому
Power Factor Correction Demonstration
Hello sir , I love to your study for motor but, want to study please
I hArdly hearing u
Extremely educational. This video has taught a lot of Q&A thank you for your time. 1 question why my motor have three capacitors ( one for run and 2 for starting in series)
Very Good Video and informative. You also need to know the type of capacitor you are implementing is a running capacitor. There are starting capacitors that are invoked during the startup of the motor and disengaged when the motor has reach its rotation RPM. You want to use the correct type of capacitor for PF correction. I run into problems where you dont have the specs on the equipment that is old and plate is missing on the motor or you bought the machine from harbor freight and specs are not available. The question is can you get the number from taking various readings from the motor and calculating a new PF?
Informative as i have to do a transformer test for an assesment quite similar to a motor test only difference is the winding config of a transformer is primary delta and secondary star
Genius. Thanks for the work. You explaiend everything very clear . Thanks a lot
I calculated the value of capacitor for pf correction as 40 mfd. I connected after step by step calculation as demonstrated in this video. Before correction the current taken was 3.1 Amps. After pf correction, the current taken was only 1.5 Amps. Excellent video.
Time delay ON relay has NO contacts and time delay OFF relay has NC contacts on the light bulbs in your demonstration?
For us laymen, it would be great to understand why this works. For instance, is the electrical power supplied to the machine a smoother sine wave, or . . . ? Thanks for the demonstration, it was very eye opening for me.
Excellent demonstration. Today I calculated a capacitor value for my centrifugal pump and came out to be 40 mfd for Half Hp. Today I am going try that. Very happy to listen such practical sessions with theoretical derivations.
Don't you think it would have impacted torque.As torque is dependent on current.
Hi Serge, ur doing good videos. @ 7:23, the osci kinda show that the circuit is CAPACITIVE as the CURRENT is LEADING the voltage.. why the NEED to ADD CAPACITORS for correction? I think I am getting confused with the theories. Kindly share an explanation. I hope to hear from u soon. Thanks a lot.
I was impressed with your presentation. However, when I checked the motors on my old saws, none of them listed a PF or Efficiency. Subsequent searches on the internet led me down a rabbit hole which took me all night to climb out of. Is there a method available to obtain the capacitor sizing? My motors are 3/4 and 1Hp Marathon Electric 120/240.
Excellent presentation young man.
those were built to last forever
This is the best channel I find it. thank a lot for your demonstration you are a very good teacher. I must give you 👍to all your video. Best regards
thank a lot teacher
Not a calculator program to input the variables to give you the capacitor answer?
Really enjoyed your video but because we are billed by KW and not amps do we really save any money? After PF correction do we still use the same kW?
You are not saving on Kilowatts, but you are saving reactive power, which by extension will lower the overall apparent power being consumed. With new digital smart meters being installed on homes, the utilities now have the ability to track total power consumption, just like commercial and Industrial customers. Utility companies can impose demand penalties on commercial and industrial users for poor power factor.
@@sergelevesque6292 Thank you for the prompt response!
Hi there! Now when I re-watched this, I realized there is something I'm missing : shouldn't TIP be voltage times FLA ? The final current draw, post-correction, is compared to FLA, but FLA appears nowwhere in the initial input calculations.
@@fxeconomist the procedure I use comes from documentation obtained directly from an electrical motor manufacturer. Most calculations of this type are based on using values of power instead of current because it gets away from series and parallel circuit rules and simplifies the process.
@@sergelevesque6292 Could you tell me how to calculate power draw if I add too less or too much capacitance ?
Great video! A lot of good useful information you can apply.
@@bernardocisneros4402 thank you for your support
Is this taught in school to students training to be electricians and HVAC technicians or is this only taught to students studying to get a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering?
Old fridge compressor need about 40uF parallel to bring amperage down to a PF=1.
Your video not for everyone sir. Keep make video. I want more knowledge.
Smart meters and analog meters charge extra for poor power factor, a parallel cap can save MONEY men. They are not true watt meters but just VA meters!
Professor you just calculate the loss of power, how can you at the end does not feel it, this could be perjuice of investigator?
This is a very nice explanation of the capacitor value calculation, but it is misleading with respect to savings. In the USA, utility companies only bill small consumers for actual power, not apparent power.. Small consumers save nothing by power factor compensation, but they can free up circuit capacity. Large consumers have a more complicated billing structure that may include some charge for low power factor. I suspect the same is true in Canada and in other parts of the world. There is no cost to utilities to produce reactive power, but it does reduce their capacity and and the transmission losses have a cost. Utilities may install power factor compensation in substations and even on poles to reduce the transmission and capacity losses.
You can't really determine the cap value from nameplate numbers. It is a function of motor loading. You put caps on & vary cap & note the current & go for minimum. You save nothing as far as utility is concerned. Home power is charged based on real power, not reactive power. The only "saving" is less current in your home's wiring. This would be useful only if heavy load is on the edge of tripping breaker. The cap you are using looks like "motor starting cap". These are AC nonpolarized caps designed for use a few seconds at a time only! You need AC oil caps if you plan on running the load for any significant period of time. They are large for the microfarads you get! You also need to deal with the surge on turn-on. This will tear up the appliance's on-off switch. A better thing to do with this motor (assuming it has either starting cap internally, in the bulge on the motor's top, or it is split-phase start, both with centrifugal switch cutout) is to put an AC cap on the "starting" winding permanently (smaller than the starting cap) sized to balance the 2 phases in the motor internally WHEN RUNNING. This will make the motor run cooler & consume less real power, & will reduce vibration.
Are you an electrician or an engineer?
@@bernardocisneros4402 An engineer that knows the internal workings of motors (what difference does it make?) The thing to understand is the purpose of a capacitor in regard to "single-phase" motor. For "straight" inductive load (such as the older "neon sign" transformers), the capacitor doesn't affect the transformer's function; it only boosts the power factor (I reduced the line current in neon sign transformer from 8 amps to 3. That permitted operating 3 of them on single 120V line circuit for Halloween "Jacob's ladder" display.) But for a "single-phase" induction motor (it is single phase externally only), the capacitor's function is to provide phase shift to produce a second phase internally. This is WAY more important than just reducing line current. It is connected in series with a separate (second phase) winding, causing current to lead the current in the main winding. The amount of capacitance required CHANGES with motor load. At instant of start, motor is effectively in "locked rotor" state. You need HUGE capacitance for this, which would be impractically large. So they use electrolytic AC capacitor inside that bump on the motor top. AC electrolytic cap is very "crappy", which doesn't matter if you use it for a few seconds at a time. DO NOT USE THESE FOR CONTINUOUS USE! They will fry & blow their top, spewing out what likes wet toilet paper soaked in (corrosive) chemical salts. The REAL way to determine the correct capacitance is to put a mark on the motor pulley & view with stroboscope set to "almost stop the motion". If the cap is correct, this motion will appear as slow UNIFORM rotation. If the cap is off, the motion will be alternating speed up & slow down because the 2nd phase will be too early or too late. Some (induction) motors have "permanent" cap on the 2nd phase, always connected. Common examples are refrigeration compressors & fans in outdoor A/C units & in refrigerators (can't put centrifugal switch inside). Starting torque is VERY weak & line current during the start is ~ 3X the full load current. (Look on A/C unit nameplate. There is "RLA", run load amps, & "LRA", locked rotor amps.) Designer banks on refrigerant leaking down when OFF so the starting load is light. Bad thing to do is to turn off compressor & then turn it back on before refrigerant can bleed down. That's why home A/C systems have "compressor delay". For things like power tools, the only starting load is usually the inertia of the motor rotor & the tool.
@@bpark10001 Thanks for taking the time to answer and write all this info. I understand about 80% of it. I will have to do more reading to understand the rest. That is a cool trick with the strobelight. Using it to find the correct capacitor. I was only asking if you were an engineer because I'm trying to get an idea of how much is expected of an engineer vs an electrician. I do know how start capacitors chancge the phase angle between voltage and current so the motor produces enough torque to start turning. I assume the run capacitor does the same thing, but instead of being used for producing more torque, it's used to improve the power factor. Thanks again!
@@bernardocisneros4402 No. The run capacitor provides exactly the same function as the start capacitor: to make a second phase INTERNALLY in the motor. The motor doesn't give a @# what the external power factor is! The power factor inside induction motor internally MUST be low as the stator windings must carry lagging current to set up the rotating magnetic field, which conveys no energy, & also the inphase "running current" (coupled to the rotor short-circuited windings by induction) which is what acts against the magnetic field to make torque. But as I explained, the capacitance needs to be reduced from the proper value for starting (by a large factor!) (The purpose of the second phase is to make a rotating magnetic field, as 2 coils set at right angles IN SPACE & fed with currents "AT RIGHT ANGLES IN TIME" do so. This is the big invention that Tesla made & 99% of engineers don't understand!) Without the run capacitor (with the motor already running), the rotor currents create the 2nd phase by transformer action, but the torque is pulsating. You can hear this as a hum & feel it as a vibration of the motor body, especially if the motor is set on rubber mounts. (Tuning for minimum hum & vibration can also be used to determine run capacitance.) Yes, a run capacitor does improve line power factor, but its main object is to produce symmetrical winding currents INTERNAL to the motor. The only way to increase power factor INTERNALLY within the windings themselves is to put permanent magnets (or a separate set of windings fed with DC through sliprings) on the rotor. Now no current needs to be drawn by the stator windings to set up magnetic field & the power factor can approach 1, reducing heating in the windings. But said motor becomes synchronous, which requires complex electronics to generate variable frequency drive. You can see from the schematic diagram that both caps (in concert) feed the 2nd phase during start, & only the run cap does so when running giving the (desired) reduced capacitance. This connection is different from power factor correction cap, which is directly across the line & has NO EFFECT on motor performance. "run" winding "start" winding (2nd phase) line---------------o------------o--------------------------------------------o | 3 3 power | 3 3 factor = 3 3 correction | | run cap | cap | |--------------| |----------------------------| | | start sw start cap | line---------------o------------o--------o/o---------------| |------------o
This is the best PF i have ever seen. Thank you very much. Im working on a project and ive been looking for a video to properly explain this to me.
Would be nice to also clamp an ampmeter on the black capacitor wire to show the reactive current. And a killawatt device on the input to demonstrate an improved power factor.
I'm learning about PF correction online..you sir are the best teacher I have come across!!! That was excellent explanation of exactly how power factor works that it was so much easier to understand than my course I'm doing at the moment! Subbed and liked 👍 thank you so much and cheers from Australia 👍
Very nice explanation, thanks for give us your important time …
I think your Watt meter only recognizes active power not reactive power . Correct me if I’m wrong.
@@jenko701 that is correct, reactive power will not register on that analog device
One of the best no nonsense education videos I’ve seen!
very good info for off grid Battery, solar. every amp counts
Why didn't the manufacturer do it for the consumer by putting in the right capacitor ?
@@awankawan5093 older machines were produced with costs in mind and not energy efficiency
Great explanation! How would one go about calculating a power factor adjustment on a variable speed pump for example.
Electronic variable speed controllers generally will not tolerate power factor correction at the motor. Power factor correction capacitors on the line side of the controller are likely to cause problems also. If such a system needs anything it will be a harmonic filter or inductance on the line side to prevent the controller from interfering with other equipment.
What brands and types of capacitor should I use on an old 1940s transformer welder? There is no markings on the capacitor. The equipment plate has these specs, Primary volts, 230v 60hz, max 37 amps, output 180amps max at 25v, OCV 52v-65v, F.L.P.F. 75%.
Hello from Jamaica. Do you teach classes on this?
My foreman just dropped a transformer on its side today. I’ll look like a hero when I test it tomorrow haha thank you.
@@6615Dean ouch!!!!! That could be expensive
Very much so. 1,750 lbs, 300kVA
Without a Megger or insulation tester, some of these checks with a Volt meter are just fundamental or trial?
@@6615Dean those tests were conducted with a megger but it only went up to 1000 volts. A visual inspection should be performed in addition. That was one of the points I was trying to make in the video.
Im not sure our company owns a Megger haha or cares… So with a volt meter I could test the windings to ensure each winding has the same amount of resistance, test continuity to ensure no windings or phases are compromised, check phases to ground. But without a Megger I cannot properly check the windings can safely handle 600v-1000v and that the insulation is not compromised? Correct? I’ll do my best to get a Megger on site and I’ve suggested this already. We shall see.
Thank you so much! I went along with your lesson and built a spreadsheet to do the calculations at the same time. I have a much better understanding and greatly appreciate the time you put into the video! Well done!
I’m an apprentice lineman and we’re going over magnetism currently. This helped me so much. Thank you sir!
I’m an apprentice lineman and we’re going over magnetism currently. This helped me so much. Thank you sir!
Thank you! Great instruction!
As asked by Muhammad 1year ago. Why are motors produced with this inefficiency in them? Are the motors with two capacitors on them corrected already. Im nowhere near a electrician just always trying to learn a bit of something. Thanks for the lesson.
What I wonder is if the harmonic distortion (I) has any consequence in maintaining the magnetic field in the motor coils. I want to think it's meaningless compared to correcting PF.
Thank you for this! (I'll be back soon for 3Ph classes 🙂) Meanwhile, I have a diaphragm (inductive load) pond air-pump that at 120.8v meters at 78w (claimed) and 1.58a (claimed), but it didn't make sense to me. I have some homework to do and a plan. And now I can imagine how makers size run caps for CSCR vs CSIR motors. That said, It seems that any CSIR ought to be checked out.
Excellent video first and foremost! Incredibly helpful and easy to follow along! Quick question for you though. After solving for the proper capacitor for the PF correction, you came up with the 82.xx mfd capacitor. I noticed that the capacitor you selected from the HVAC distributor was a plastic body capacitor. Normally in my trade (HVACR) the plastic body capacitors are used in the starting circuit applications and the metal body capacitors are used in the run circuit applications. I'm curious and would like to know if it would make a difference (if any at all) if A: there was a specific reason as to why you used a start capacitor style or B: could you use a run capacitor in lieu of a start capacitor so long as the mfd and voltage rating were matching?
You shouldn't use a start capacitor in lieu of run capacitor but you can use a run capacitor in lieu of a start capacitor. The start capacitor are only designed and manufactured for seconds of use at a time. They will burn up if used for extended periods.
You really haven’t done anything, you should have checked the amps with the bell on and put the machine under load. You could’ve lost those amps just by taking the belt off and reducing the drag. Sounds like bullshit to me
thank you sir... wondering why the power factor capasitor does not come with the motor when you purchase the equipment.
Because motors of that time were designed and manufactured with cost in mind not efficiency.