The hierarchy of control is a systematic approach to managing and reducing risks in the workplace. It prioritizes various methods for controlling hazards, starting with the most effective and moving to the least effective. The typical hierarchy of control, from most effective to least effective, is as follows:
1. **Elimination**: This involves removing the hazard altogether. It is considered the most effective because it completely eliminates the risk. For example, using automated processes instead of manual handling of hazardous materials.
2. **Substitution**: This means replacing the hazard with something safer. For instance, replacing a toxic chemical with a less harmful one or using a non-toxic cleaning agent instead of a chemical one.
3. **Engineering controls**: These are physical changes to the workplace or equipment to isolate workers from the hazard. Examples include installing ventilation systems to remove airborne contaminants or using machine guards to prevent access to moving parts.
4. **Administrative controls**: These involve changing the way people work. This could include implementing procedures, training, or adjusting work schedules to reduce exposure to hazards. For example, rotating staff exposed to noise so that no one is consistently exposed for long periods.
5. **Personal protective equipment (PPE)**: PPE is the least effective control measure because it only protects the individual wearing it and does not eliminate the hazard at its source. Examples include gloves, masks, safety glasses, etc.
In practice, the hierarchy of control is used to guide decision-making in occupational health and safety to ensure that the most effective control measures are implemented to protect workers. It encourages a proactive approach to safety by addressing risks systematically.