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Andrew McCrady
Приєднався 14 лис 2011
Here you'll find videos about a variety of math subjects that are aimed at helping undergraduates, graduate students, and math enthusiasts alike.
How You Should Think About Infinite Cartesian Products
I regularly teach a topology class online, and often it's the first time my students encounter infinite Cartesian products of sets. This video aims to help you understand what elements of such products look like.
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Відео
Kepler's Second Law as Understood by a Mathematician
Переглядів 3525 місяців тому
Kepler's 2nd Law is one of my favorite applications of calculus and vectors. I only took one physics class during my school career, so my physical intuition isn't always great. But this proof relies mostly on math, and showcases how mathematics is a language to describe all that's around us (some physics stuff, anyway). I found the proof that I cover here in Krantz's textbook "Differential Equa...
The Subgroup Tests in Under 3 Minutes! Fast Abstract Algebra Help
Переглядів 706 місяців тому
How do you show a subset of a group is a subgroup? Do you have to check all the group axioms? We'll talk about two ways to test if a subset of a group is a subgroup, and demonstrate how to do the tests with two examples. Hopefully this makes you feel better prepared to solve these kinds of group theory problems!
A Precursor to Group Theory
Переглядів 5796 місяців тому
Here's a fast but clear introduction to group theory, which makes up a substantial part of a typical abstract/modern algebra class. Before you get frustrated with a super abstract textbook, take 10ish minutes understand the key concepts of group theory with examples and simple explanations. Please like and subscribe to help grow the channel!
Partial Sum Formulas and Asymptotic Analysis
Переглядів 2057 місяців тому
Finding a summation formula to add the first n natural numbers is easy. Finding a summation formula to add the first n reciprocals is impossible, literally. At least in terms of elementary functions. This video dives into asymptotic analysis to prove there's no "nice" formula for the harmonic numbers. It's a great application of freshman calculus, how long can you follow along? Thanks to a view...
Homotopy Classes, the Path Product, and Associativity
Переглядів 3098 місяців тому
We give clear explanations visuals for the path product and homotopies of paths in a topological space. We focus on the fact that the path product is not necessarily associative, but that we can extend the path product to equivalence classes of homotopic paths, and show that the path product is associative on these homotopy classes. Along the way we show that a path is homotopic to any reparame...
Homotopy Intro
Переглядів 3909 місяців тому
Homotopy between paths in a topological space can be tough to understand. This video aims to make it easy to understand! We'll intuitively define what a homotopy between paths is, use pictures and demonstrations to understand this idea, then use this to understand the rigorous definition of a homotopy, along with examples. This video is part of a growing playlist of mine dedicated to topology. ...
Paths and the Path Product
Переглядів 1959 місяців тому
This topology video introduces paths in a topological space, and then the path product. This is the first video introducing some material needed to discuss the homotopy groups of a topological space. We carefully go over the definitions and animate some examples. The only prerequisite is knowing what a topological space is. I'm aiming to make this an easy introduction to algebraic topology.
ElGamal Encryption and Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Переглядів 2629 місяців тому
This video explains and illustrates all aspects of ElGamal Encryption and Elliptic Curve Cryptography through the story of Alice and Bob. Will Alice's secret message make it to Bob? More information about elliptic curves and elliptic curve cryptography: www.ams.org/journals/mcom/1987-48-177/S0025-5718-1987-0866109-5/S0025-5718-1987-0866109-5.pdf ua-cam.com/video/RtiVaALdqX0/v-deo.html wstein.or...
Why is the orbit of a planet in a plane?
Переглядів 1,1 тис.11 місяців тому
Ever wonder why a planet orbits a star in a plane? Here's a cool proof that uses a little calculus, physics, and vector algebra. Behold, the power of mathematics!
Visual Calculus: Fubini's Theorem for Iterated Double Integrals
Переглядів 621Рік тому
In this video we'll use beautiful animations to visualize Fubini's Thereom for Iterated Double Integrals. It's a result that any calculus 3 student must understand. If you find this video helpful, let me know, and like and subscribe for more! Atlantis by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Alexander Subbase Theorem: help understanding the definitions and the proof
Переглядів 727Рік тому
The Alexander Subbase Theorem: help understanding the definitions and the proof
Understand The Baire Category Theorem: Dense Sets, Nowhere Dense Sets, & Infinity
Переглядів 2,9 тис.Рік тому
Understand The Baire Category Theorem: Dense Sets, Nowhere Dense Sets, & Infinity
Piecewise Continuous Linear Functions are Dense Among Continuous Functions
Переглядів 793Рік тому
Piecewise Continuous Linear Functions are Dense Among Continuous Functions
The Axiom of Choice: History, Intuition, and Conflict
Переглядів 10 тис.Рік тому
The Axiom of Choice: History, Intuition, and Conflict
Cards, Marriage, and Python: an Introduction to Graph Theory
Переглядів 221Рік тому
Cards, Marriage, and Python: an Introduction to Graph Theory
Can you solve these three tricky counting problems?
Переглядів 91Рік тому
Can you solve these three tricky counting problems?
How many squares are on a chessboard? And more!
Переглядів 343Рік тому
How many squares are on a chessboard? And more!
How many triangles are there in an n by n grid?
Переглядів 537Рік тому
How many triangles are there in an n by n grid?
The Complex Logarithm: Multivalued Functions?!?
Переглядів 1,4 тис.Рік тому
The Complex Logarithm: Multivalued Functions?!?
How Harmonic Functions Relate to Holomorphic Functions
Переглядів 731Рік тому
How Harmonic Functions Relate to Holomorphic Functions
The Extended Complex Plane (Riemann Sphere)
Переглядів 4,9 тис.2 роки тому
The Extended Complex Plane (Riemann Sphere)
The Stereographic Projection: Learn it FAST!
Переглядів 11 тис.2 роки тому
The Stereographic Projection: Learn it FAST!
Euclidean Space, Locally Euclidean Space, and Manifolds
Переглядів 1,2 тис.2 роки тому
Euclidean Space, Locally Euclidean Space, and Manifolds
Yesterday i saw the wierest integral that I have seen! An integeral with the symbol limit + partial derivative Is that famelour to? Sorry for my bad english i wish you understand me
Interesting, where did you see it?
@DrMcCrady I asked you as prefessional in mathematic If there's such a kind of this type of integral?
At the end, wouldn't 0 itself be in the intersection though? would love to be corrected
Hello, yep you’re right, 0 is in all of them.
my goat
Hope it was helpful!
Thanks a lot. Great video.
Thank you for your comment!
Amazing visualization. When I first studied topology, I thought of R^w (or R^N) as the set of all real-valued sequences and R^w1 (or R^R) as the set of all real-valued functions. Later I learned about how this concept is called an Exponential in a Cartesian Category. Studying category theory really helped me go back and re-learn abstract algebra, topology, etc. through a new lens.
Thank you for your comment!
Wonderful. Thanks
Thank you for your comment!
Great video. I spent so much time trying to understand this. Your video really helps. Will you make more videos?
Glad it was helpful! I do plan to try to make more videos, it’s just been tough to make as many as I used to.
It's really good! Thanks for sharing 😊
Thank you for your kind words, I hope it was helpful!
Ok I just have to say this before I watch the whole video the bagel and the Coco milk looks delicious 😋
Enjoy!
This is the box topology not the product topology according to my modules material..
Yep they’re the same for a product of a finite number of spaces.
@DrMcCrady You're right sorry spoke before reaching far enough into the chapter 😂 my bad
No problem thanks for watching!
Such a cool proof, and very helpful!
Glad to hear it!
On 5:30 you have a mistake when you say x* => x_n for all n=>N. Consider a monotone decreasing sequence x_n=1+1/n. Then x*=limsup(x_n)=liminf(x_n)=lim x_n = 1. Howevere x_n > 1 = x* for all n. The conclusion you derive later is correct but for the wrong reason. You need to conser the sequence X_n=sup{ x_m | m=>n}. Then x*=inf(X_n). Then you can say that by definition of inf there exists N such that x*+eps> X_N and since for every n=>N we have that X_N is the upper bound of {x_n | n=>N } we conclude that x*+eps > x_n for all n>N.
Hey thanks, I must have gotten too wrapped up in my picture 😁
Using the concept of open balls without using the numerical meaning to drive the definition of continuity in topological spaces: got it!
Yep that sounds good!
Pretty good video. i never thought of it like this before
Thank you!
I like the idea that if a set is connected the only disjoint sets from the topology that form X are the entire space and the empty set. Or in other words, the only two clopen sets that can form the topology is the space itself and the empty set. Otherwise its not connected. thanks viro. I used this graph idea recently on this set of { (x, y in R^2 | x > 0 and y = sin(1/x)}. its graph is {x, f(x)} which is homeomprhic to the real line, and is thus path connected. i love this stuff. you an also use this connected property to show if something isnt a homeomorphism. for eample R -> S1 isnt a homeomorphism since if we take a point away from the line R we have created two connected componets. However if we remove a point from S1, its still connected! BLEW MY MIND, way easier than proving a homeomorphism typically.
The latter example about R and S1 is great!
I wonder how do you animate these things?
Using Manim.
I just finished learning about co-vectors which are the set of linear functions from R^n and has size R^n. I wonder what the size of other restricted sets of functions like polynomial functions or continuous functions ect.
Hi Tom, that’s such cool stuff! Each of those sets has the same cardinality as R.
I should have seen this video when I started studying topology on infinite cartesian products, it would have made much more sense to me. Great video, as always :)
Thank you for the compliment!
Hello sir, I just want to know that the prove you have shown is Constructive or Non Constructive.
Hello AlokKumar! I believe the proof is constructive. E is non empty and bounded above so the supremum u of E exists. Then for any v in E with v<u we know [a,v] has a delta-fine partition P1^dot. Then we enlarge this to P2^dot that is a delta fine partition of [a,u], and ultimately show u is b, so the P2^dot we constructed wins the game for us.
@@DrMcCradyThanks sir ,this doubt was really a great trouble for me.
Thank you so much for taking the time to draw out the visuals as well. It's really difficult to visualize without a representation sometimes so all the graphs are a godsend.
Glad it was helpful!
Why are 1's in these formulas? i.e. I'm not clear why the formulas all involve either +1 or -1 in some fashion. Why 1 and not some other number? I'm picturing light shining through a transparent sphere, and I wouldn't have thought something as clearcut as a simple factor of 1 would be at play, I would have thought it'd be some complicated mess involving pi or something. Thanks I appreciate it
Sure, the 1s come from the radius of the unit sphere. Around 1:06, the vertical axis is has a length of 1 unit since it reaches from the center of the sphere (the origin) to the North Pole N (top of the sphere). Next, P’s coordinate with respect to this axis is z, so the length of the vertical blue segment is the difference 1-z. In other words, the total colored part of the vertical axis has length 1, the orange part has length z, so the blue part has length 1-z.
Thank you so much! This helped me understand directional derivatives a lot more with the visualizing.
Glad it was helpful!
You have no idea how helpful these videos on complex analysis are to me. Thank you for your efforts
I’m glad to hear they’re helpful! Best wishes for the rest of your semester.
Wonderful explanation
Thank you, I hope it was helpful!
An amazin explanation. Respect
Thank you! Glad it was helpful!
This video makes the world a better place
Hope it was helpful!
Incredible video
Thank you! Hoping it was helpful.
This really helped me understand, thankyou very much keep it up
Glad it was helpful!
Very helpful!! Thank you
Glad it was helpful!
You cannot find the first N just as you cannot find the last real number closes to the origin.
We are using the fact that the natural numbers are well ordered with respect to our typical inequalities. You cannot pick a real number closest to the origin because the real numbers are not well ordered with respect to our typical inequalities. Does that make sense?
This is so cool!!!! I love math
Math is pretty great!
I'm watching all the videos in this playlist without headphones and my mum went: "He has such a beautiful voice" lolol and I agree tbh. Jokes aside thank you for sharing these, life-saving. ❤
Thank you, I am glad they are helpful, and tell your mom thanks!
Great vid bro
Hey thank you!
Thanks! I just encountered the phrase "commuting diagram" for the first time and this video was a great sanity check!
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you! It was very helpful :D
Glad it was helpful!
@@DrMcCrady You’re great! And you present things concisely so thanks again :)
Great video, thanks
Thank you!
Thanks
Glad it was helpful!
You saved my life😢😢😢!Very clear and helpful! Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
thank you
Hope it was helpful!
This is great
Thank you, hope it was helpful!
😀
I think this deserves a sequel that explains intuitionistic logic.
Really amazing ,can you teach complex number, like this
Glad you liked it! I have a playlist of some lectures about complex variables, check it out.
Your lectures are helping me tremendously in my Analysis course!
Glad to hear it!
Georg Cantor was German. Also if you use German names, could you pronounce them German?
Es tut mir leid. Er wurde in St. Petersburg, zog aber im Alter von 10 Jahren nach Deutschland, also verstehe ich, dass es passender ist, ihn als Deutsch zu betrachten, mein Fehler.
The Banach-Tarski construction produces sets without measure, so it is not a problem at all.
Ever since I learned out it when I was 12, I was in love with it. It makes perfect sense, and no-one could adequately explain the problem.
Wow 12 seems really young, impressive!
@@DrMcCrady I had a great maths teacher, who had a beautiful poster. I was curious, and he took the time to explain it to me. Mr Doolan.
@@DrMcCrady I'm watching a vid on Lie algebra right now! Love it!
@@DrMcCrady Oh, and I thought the Banach-Tarski "paradox" was very cute. I saw no logical problem with that! We already knew that there were as many points in the segment [0;1] as the square [0;1]x[0;1] so there was no problem, just an amusing result! So, it's not continuous; that's OK!
There is no well ordering for the reals. So yeah, I've hated it since I was introduced to it and think it's used to prove things that aren't "true" in essence.
So it sounds like the Axiom of Choice isn't that you can pick an element from a set, it's that you can pick an element from a set and _know what it is._ For example, using the well-ordered principal, you can always find the smallest value in a set, so you can always choose the smallest element. Without the well-ordered principal, it's like trying to choose a sock when you can't tell which one is the left or right. That doesn't work with a bag of red marbles, because there's no order to them, so you can't pick the 'smallest'. If you could distinguish them by the number of atoms in each one, you could order them. If you had a bag of marbles of all different colors, you might order them by the wavelength of light that they reflect, and thus choose the one reflecting the shortest or longest wavelengths. But without some means of ordering (which requires additional information about the marbles other than "red"), whatever gets picked is arbitrary, not defined by a rule, and thus seems to fail the assertion because there is no function to get you the result. Or more accurately, a specific, repeatable result, because a function with a given input must always produce the same output. (This assumes that the different red marbles are in fact different entities, which is required by another comment describing how probability works.)
This is incredibly helpful, thank you
Glad it was helpful!
Is this some topology hoodoo?
Somethin like that.