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EM Note
Taiwan
Приєднався 29 бер 2008
"EM Note" is a professional UA-cam channel dedicated to produce high-quality educational videos that cover a wide range of medical topics. The channel aims to provide valuable content for medical students and professionals, offering a platform for learning and staying updated with the latest medical advancements. By offering a combination of educational videos, knowledge sharing, skill development, and engaging content, "EM Note" seeks to contribute to the medical education community and support the growth and development of medical professionals.
DKA And HHS - Compare And Contrast
Homepage: EMNote.org ■
🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote
🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls
DKA vs. HHS - A Comprehensive Comparison
Overview
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) are critical diabetic emergencies.
- Both arise from insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia.
- Early recognition and treatment are essential to reduce mortality.
Similarities
- Insulin deficiency is the primary cause.
- Common triggers include infections, medication issues, and non-compliance.
- Fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy are key to treatment.
DKA: Key Features
- Typically occurs in Type 1 Diabetes.
- Rapid onset, often within 24 hours.
DKA: Lab Findings:
- Blood glucose above 250 mg/dL.
- Low pH (below 7.3) and bicarbonate (below 18 mmol/L).
- Ketones present in blood and urine.
- Elevated anion gap.
DKA: Clinical Signs:
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Fruity breath (ketones).
- Kussmaul respirations (deep, labored breaths).
HHS: Key Features
- Typically occurs in Type 2 Diabetes.
- Gradual onset.
HHS: Lab Findings:
- Blood glucose above 600 mg/dL.
- Normal pH and bicarbonate.
- No significant ketones.
- Marked hyperosmolality.
HHS: Clinical Signs:
- Severe dehydration.
- Neurological symptoms: confusion, seizures, coma.
Comparison of Mortality
- DKA mortality rate: Up to 8%.
- HHS mortality rate: As high as 20%.
- HHS affects older individuals with comorbidities, increasing vulnerability.
Management - Initial Steps for Both:
- Rapid fluid resuscitation (1,000-1,500 mL of 0.9% saline in the first hour).
- Insulin therapy with frequent blood glucose monitoring.
- Monitor and correct potassium levels based on initial lab findings.
Management - Key Differences in Focus:
- DKA: Treat acidosis and ketone production.
- HHS: Manage severe dehydration and hyperosmolality.
Addressing Underlying Causes
- Common triggers: infections, medication non-adherence, health conditions.
- Treating root causes prevents recurrence.
- Encourage a proactive and preventive approach in diabetes management.
Prevention and Long-Term Care
- Importance of access to affordable diabetes care.
- Develop culturally sensitive education programs.
- Promote health equity to address disparities in diabetes care.
- Invest in research and technology, e.g., CGM, insulin pumps.
Conclusion
- DKA and HHS are life-threatening but manageable with proper care.
- Early recognition and tailored management save lives.
- Empower patients with knowledge, tools, and support for better outcomes.
- Together, we can improve the future of diabetes care.
🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote
🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls
DKA vs. HHS - A Comprehensive Comparison
Overview
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) are critical diabetic emergencies.
- Both arise from insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia.
- Early recognition and treatment are essential to reduce mortality.
Similarities
- Insulin deficiency is the primary cause.
- Common triggers include infections, medication issues, and non-compliance.
- Fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy are key to treatment.
DKA: Key Features
- Typically occurs in Type 1 Diabetes.
- Rapid onset, often within 24 hours.
DKA: Lab Findings:
- Blood glucose above 250 mg/dL.
- Low pH (below 7.3) and bicarbonate (below 18 mmol/L).
- Ketones present in blood and urine.
- Elevated anion gap.
DKA: Clinical Signs:
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Fruity breath (ketones).
- Kussmaul respirations (deep, labored breaths).
HHS: Key Features
- Typically occurs in Type 2 Diabetes.
- Gradual onset.
HHS: Lab Findings:
- Blood glucose above 600 mg/dL.
- Normal pH and bicarbonate.
- No significant ketones.
- Marked hyperosmolality.
HHS: Clinical Signs:
- Severe dehydration.
- Neurological symptoms: confusion, seizures, coma.
Comparison of Mortality
- DKA mortality rate: Up to 8%.
- HHS mortality rate: As high as 20%.
- HHS affects older individuals with comorbidities, increasing vulnerability.
Management - Initial Steps for Both:
- Rapid fluid resuscitation (1,000-1,500 mL of 0.9% saline in the first hour).
- Insulin therapy with frequent blood glucose monitoring.
- Monitor and correct potassium levels based on initial lab findings.
Management - Key Differences in Focus:
- DKA: Treat acidosis and ketone production.
- HHS: Manage severe dehydration and hyperosmolality.
Addressing Underlying Causes
- Common triggers: infections, medication non-adherence, health conditions.
- Treating root causes prevents recurrence.
- Encourage a proactive and preventive approach in diabetes management.
Prevention and Long-Term Care
- Importance of access to affordable diabetes care.
- Develop culturally sensitive education programs.
- Promote health equity to address disparities in diabetes care.
- Invest in research and technology, e.g., CGM, insulin pumps.
Conclusion
- DKA and HHS are life-threatening but manageable with proper care.
- Early recognition and tailored management save lives.
- Empower patients with knowledge, tools, and support for better outcomes.
- Together, we can improve the future of diabetes care.
Переглядів: 143
Відео
How To Manage A Camatose Patient
Переглядів 1542 години тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Managing Coma Patients: A Comprehensive Guide 1: Definition of Coma * Coma is a state of profound unconsciousness with complete lack of awareness * Patients are unresponsive to external stimuli * Involves disruption of cerebral hemispheres or ascending reticular activating system 2: Initial Assessme...
Febrile Seizures or Convulsions
Переглядів 1687 годин тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Febrile Seizures Introduction - Febrile seizures occur in children 6-60 months old with fever ≥100.4°F (38°C) - Most common type of seizure in young children - Classified as simple, complex, or febrile status epilepticus Epidemiology - Affects 2-5% of children in US/Europe, 8-10% in Asian population...
Appendicitis CT Findings
Переглядів 1959 годин тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Acute Appendicitis Acute Appendicitis - Acute appendicitis: common surgical emergency - Inflammation of the appendix, often due to obstruction - Key symptoms: - Right lower quadrant pain - Fever - Elevated white blood cell count - Early diagnosis crucial to prevent complications CT Imaging: The Gold...
DOPES Ventilator Troubleshooting
Переглядів 22012 годин тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls The immediate life threats can be summarized as “DOPES”: Displacement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) Obstruction of the ETT Patient - especially pneumothorax; also: pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, collapse, bronchospasm Equipment - ventilator problems ‘Stacked breaths’ - a reminder about bronch...
Typical And Atypical Pneumonia
Переглядів 24314 годин тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Mycoplasma vs. Typical Bacterial Pneumonia What is Mycoplasma Pneumonia? - Mild respiratory infection caused by *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* - Often called "walking pneumonia" - Symptoms include mild fever, cough, sore throat, headache - Typically manageable at home What is Typical Bacterial Pneumonia? -...
Aortic Dissection
Переглядів 32916 годин тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Aortic Dissection Introduction - Aortic dissection begins with a tear in the aorta's inner layer - Blood flows between aortic wall layers, forcing them apart - Condition is fatal without prompt treatment Epidemiology & Diagnostic Challenge - Annual incidence: 2.9 cases per 100,000 people - Mortality...
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Переглядів 33119 годин тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Necrotizing Fasciitis Definition of Necrotizing Fasciitis - Rapidly progressing bacterial infection affecting subcutaneous tissue - Spreads through fascial planes causing widespread tissue destruction - Most serious form of necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) Pathophysiology - Infection enters ...
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)
Переглядів 23921 годину тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Overview - Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a medical condition causing severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in chronic cannabis users - Hot baths or showers provide temporary symptom relief - Complete cannabis c...
Viral Meningitis
Переглядів 252День тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Viral meningitis Viral meningitis - Viral meningitis is generally less severe than bacterial meningitis but requires prompt recognition - Essential for healthcare providers to understand diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Etiology - Most commonly caused by enteroviruses - Other causes: herpesvirus...
Snake Bite Management Pitfalls
Переглядів 294День тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Snake Bite Management Snake Bites - Not all snakes are venomous, but every bite should be treated seriously. - Even experts may not identify the snake based on appearance. Immediate Actions - Call emergency medical services (EMS) immediately. - Stay calm and reassure the patient. - Position the bitt...
Prehospital Tranexamic Acid (TXA)
Переглядів 341День тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Prehospital Tranexamic Acid (TXA) for Trauma INTRODUCTION Recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that prehospital tranexamic acid (TXA) administration following injury is safe and improves survival. However, the effect of prehospital TXA on adverse events, transfusion requirements, and ...
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Переглядів 265День тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Overview - Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a medical condition causing severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in chronic cannabis users - Hot baths or showers provide temporary symptom relief - Complete cannabis c...
Hypoglycemia
Переглядів 26614 днів тому
Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Hypoglycemia 1: Definition of Hypoglycemia - Blood glucose below 70 mg/dL - Symptoms typically appear below 55 mg/dL - Whipple's triad: symptoms low glucose relief after treatment 2: Etiology of Hypoglycemia - Most common in diabetic patients taking insulin/medications - Drugs are primary cause - Ot...
Differences Between Syncope And Seizures
Переглядів 52614 днів тому
Differences Between Syncope And Seizures
Albuterol should not be used alone for asthma
Переглядів 36514 днів тому
Albuterol should not be used alone for asthma
Cryoprecipitate should not be administered empirically
Переглядів 35921 день тому
Cryoprecipitate should not be administered empirically
Clinical Pearls (Oncology & Toxicology)
Переглядів 28921 день тому
Clinical Pearls (Oncology & Toxicology)
Popliteal Artery Injury in Knee Dislocations
Переглядів 48028 днів тому
Popliteal Artery Injury in Knee Dislocations
Thank you.
You're welcome!
Thanks 🙏🙏 very informative.
My pleasure. Please share.
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Great, informative, lecture! Regarding status epilepticus Isn’t the length of time greater than 5 min? You reference 30 min. I was always taught it was a seizure that lasts longer than 5 min. The AAP also references five minutes.
Febrile status epilepticus (FSE) is a prolonged seizure lasting 30 minutes or more (or a series of seizures without full recovery between them) that occurs in association with a febrile illness in a child aged 6 months to 5 years who does not have an underlying neurological condition, metabolic disorder, or history of afebrile seizures. However, status epilepticus requires immediate treatment to prevent complications such as neuronal injury, systemic damage, or death. The traditional definition of status epilepticus (30 minutes) has been revised for practical clinical management to initiate treatment after 5 minutes. The new definition of status epilepticus is a seizure lasting 5 minutes or longer, or recurrent seizures without a return to baseline consciousness between episodes. In short, both definitions, 30 minutes (traditional definition) and 5 minutes (practical definition), are correct.
@ thanks for the clarification! Keep up these amazing lectures!
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IO access is so awesome. Thanks 👍👍
It really is!
Nice lecture. Thanks 👍👍
Most welcome
Very good, thanks.
Glad you liked it!
will take my ATLS training course soon, thank you for your help🙏
Best of luck!
very nice lecture. febrile seizures are very common. thanks.
Thanks. Please share with your colleagues and friends.
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Thank you sir. Very helpful.
Glad it helped
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Thanks for the nice mnemonic.
Always!
very useful mnemonic. thank you very much.
Glad it was helpful!
thank you sir, very helpful lecture
You are most welcome
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👍👍 very informative. Thanks
Glad it was helpful!
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thank you
You're welcome. Don't forget to share with your friends.
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Thanks. Love watching your teaching videos, clear and concise.
Glad you like them!
thank you
Please share with your colleagues and friends.
Please share with your colleagues and friends.
Excellence explanation 👍
Glad you liked it. Please share with your colleagues and friends. Thanks
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Thanks. Very nice lecture.
Keep watching and don't forget to share. Thanks
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Thank you sir.
So nice of you. Please share with your colleagues and friends.
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Wentworth !!! 🙄