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Ayman El-Hag - Electrical Engineering for Everyone
Canada
Приєднався 14 чер 2008
Welcome to my Electrical Engineering Channel. My main goal is to talk to different people who have common interest in electrical engineering like: undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, engineers and technicians. To achieve this goal I will cover wide spectrum of topics in electrical engineering like problem solving, practical and simulation demonstrations, short courses and clarification for important concepts. I will give special attention for solving different PEO exams like A1, A5, A6 and B7.
How to prepare for the ELEC B7?
In this video, I try to highlight the strategy to approach ELEC-B7 PEO exam. This video is based on my observations for three exams after the COVID. I found these exam very consistent with the same question type and even order.
#peoexam
#peoexam
Переглядів: 76
Відео
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Transmission Line Question no. 4 - part 1
Переглядів 822 години тому
One question from PEO ELEC B7 May 2022 exam. The question has two parts, the first one covers different calculations related to the transmission line like calculating GMR, ABCD parameters and calculating the sending end voltage and current. Missing part: at the end I forgot to calculate the apparent power at the sending end which is: S = 3*Vs*Is = 96.5MVA #peoexam #transmissionline #transmissio...
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6): Synchronous Machines no. 4
Переглядів 1174 години тому
One question from PEO ELEC A6 May 2022 exam. The questions is about analyzing a salient pole synchronous generator to find the internal generated voltage and torque angle. For more theoretical information about salient machines, you can watch the following videos: ua-cam.com/video/I5ftPpJYPHU/v-deo.html ua-cam.com/video/UAk4YSyPgMk/v-deo.html #synchronousmachine #peoexam
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Transformer Question no. 3
Переглядів 674 години тому
One question from PEO ELEC B7 December 2021 exam. The question is about analyzing approximate transformer model circuit to calculate voltage regulation and the relation between per unit and actual impedance. Finally the question is asking to find the approximate core loss. #peoexam #transformers
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6): Synchronous Machines no. 3
Переглядів 1417 годин тому
One question from PEO ELEC A6 December 2021 exam. The questions is about analyzing a synchronous generator in per unit. It is required to calculate P, Q, internal voltage and torque angle under different conditions including increase of input power and field current. #synchronousmachine #peoexam
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Three Phase Question no. 3
Переглядів 1149 годин тому
One question from PEO ELEC B7 May 2022 exam. The question covers different aspect of three phase circuit analysis including: 1. Calculating power factor for multiple loads 2. Power factor correction using synchronous motors 3. Calculating line and phase currents. For more examples about three phase circuit analysis, please see the links below: ua-cam.com/video/EzJGkkoSpPw/v-deo.htmlsi=z6kBXIb_q...
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Synchronous Generator Question no. 4
Переглядів 9916 годин тому
One question from December 2020 PEO ELEC B7 exam. The question is a conceptual one about drawing the power vs torque angle curve for both the round and salient rotor synchronous generators. #synchronousmachine #salient #peoexam
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Synchronous Generator Question no. 3
Переглядів 17221 годину тому
One question from December 2020 PEO ELEC B7 exam. The question is a conceptual one about synchronous generator modeling under different conditions that include: Unsymmetrical faults Stability Salient generators #synchronousmachine #salient #peoexam
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6) Induction Motor Question no. 2
Переглядів 17714 днів тому
This is a PEO ELEC A6 exam question from different exams after the COVID. These are two theoretical questions about induction motor. The first question is about effect of open line in the operation of three phase induction motor. The second one is about why motors with high slip suffer low efficiency. For more videos about induction motor load flow: ua-cam.com/video/bhbhYb5U7G0/v-deo.htmlsi=-D_...
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6) Transmission Lines Question no. 1
Переглядів 19321 день тому
One question from PEO ELEC A6 Fall 2022 exam. This question is related to the calculations of the conductor diameter in transmission lines to achieve certain power losses. #peoexam #transmissionline
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6) DC Motors Question no. 3
Переглядів 19121 день тому
One question from PEO ELEC A6 Fall 2015 exam. The question is about how to solve a DC motor question connected as a shunt motor. Different parameters were asked like torque, no load speed, starting current, etc. The first part of the question was about how to control the speed of a shunt DC motor, and it is explained in this video: ua-cam.com/video/u3NdU92LEo8/v-deo.htmlsi=cmxPdk0n3EgJmF8h Othe...
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6) Three Phase Question no. 5
Переглядів 22521 день тому
In this video q three phase question from May 2017 PEO ELEC A6 exam is discussed. The question is related to calculate the total power of three phase loads connected in parallel. The question is concentrating on analyzing a synchronous motor as one of the three loads and how it can be used to improve the power factor. Corrections: 8:43 there is a typo as it should be cos^(-1) and not tan^(-1) b...
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Synchronous Generator Question no. 2
Переглядів 175Місяць тому
One question from December 2020 PEO ELEC B7 exam. The question is about synchronous generator modeling and calculation of internal generated voltage at certain power factor conditions. Also, the question is asking about phasor diagram, power (torque) angle and how to decide if the generator is over or under excited. #peoexam #synchronousmachine
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Power Flow Question no. 3
Переглядів 194Місяць тому
One question from PEO ELEC B7 December 2020 exam. The question is about a power flow problem. The question is about post calculations of a power flow problem. The power flow was calculated and different questions like transformer efficiency and line losses were asked. #peoexam #power
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Power Flow Question no. 2 - Part 2
Переглядів 140Місяць тому
One question from PEO ELEC B7 December 2021 exam. The question is about a power flow problem. The question is composed of three parts, in this video I will solve the second and the third part. These parts are about pre-power flow analysis and understanding the relation between power flow and power system maintenance and long term planning. #peoexam #power
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Power Flow Question no. 2 - Part 1
Переглядів 122Місяць тому
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Power Flow Question no. 2 - Part 1
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Transmission Line Question no. 3 - part 2
Переглядів 137Місяць тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Transmission Line Question no. 3 - part 2
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Transmission Line Question no. 3 - part 1
Переглядів 116Місяць тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Transmission Line Question no. 3 - part 1
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Transformer Question no. 2
Переглядів 207Місяць тому
PEO solve examples (ELEC B7) Transformer Question no. 2
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Three Phase Question no. 2
Переглядів 206Місяць тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC B7) Three Phase Question no. 2
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): circuit reduction Question no. 3
Переглядів 102Місяць тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): circuit reduction Question no. 3
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): DC Analysis Question no. 8
Переглядів 3273 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): DC Analysis Question no. 8
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Thevenin Equivalent Question no. 3
Переглядів 4563 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Thevenin Equivalent Question no. 3
Differential amplifier vs instrumentational amplifier
Переглядів 1983 місяці тому
Differential amplifier vs instrumentational amplifier
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Transient analysis Question no. 3
Переглядів 3423 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Transient analysis Question no. 3
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Second Order Transient Analysis Question1
Переглядів 2933 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Second Order Transient Analysis Question1
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): DC Analysis Question no. 7
Переглядів 2923 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): DC Analysis Question no. 7
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Power Calculations - Question no. 1
Переглядів 4003 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): Power Calculations - Question no. 1
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): DC Analysis Question no. 6
Переглядів 4404 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A1): DC Analysis Question no. 6
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6): Synchronous Machines no. 2
Переглядів 4524 місяці тому
PEO solved examples (ELEC A6): Synchronous Machines no. 2
Hi professor, question: At 7:14, should the angle be negative because it is a leading load?
Thank you for you help. Please keep posting more videos.
You are welcome
Thank you very much, indeed!
You are welcome
So basically the questions are wrong, is there anyway PEO is taking responsibilities for them? I believe they stressed the applicants a lot when encountering these mistakes?
I think what happened in part A the transformer was step down and in part B it was changed to step up but the examiner forgot to switch the side from which the values were referred.
Great explanation at the end of the video Prof
In todays exam there were not even 1 question on Electrical machines. No magnetic circuit no dc machine no induction motor no Synchronous Motor and Ge no Single phase trasnformer. Only power sysyem single line diagram per unit system and 1 single phase question. That is soo disappointing. Non of previous exams had similar questions not even in the reference books are there.
This is really a disappointment, you should complain to the PEO
I am now writing to them and will continue to reach out to the examiner. Also please any others student who had the exam do the same thing. Thanks
I took the exam today too. There are at least 2 questions should belong to the B7 exam, not the A6. Quite frustrating.
@@binhle8710 There was only Q1 and Q5 similiar to previous questions. The rest were all on B7 . I emailed them and mentioned that. Please if you can email them and complain. So that they can see the issue.
@@binhle8710 I think you should complain. I did one question about line to ground fault in generator but this should be in B7. Historically A6 is about energy conversion and B7 is about power system but after the COVID things are missed up
This is a great video~ Thank you!
Hi Professor, thanks for the videos! this topic in not in the A6 textbook. Why did they create and give this problem?
I totally agree with you as this is B7 exam material but it appears in that exam.
@@electrical4everyone thanks for thr reply. Do you how much time they give for the exam?
@@amirlotfi7495 I think 3 hours
Hello professor, why did they give this type of question? It is not in the text book.
I did not see much of such questions as mainly they ask about a round rotor synch machine. I was asked by one of A6 exam takers to solve this question.
Thanks a lot! Tomorrow is A6 Exam from PEO! This is super helpful!
Best of luck to you and all engineers
This is really helpful. Thank you so much professor
You are welcome
Thanks a lot for your videos!
You are welcome
Hi Professor, for part b, the power factor increased from 0.8 to 0.96 by opening the steam valve seems quite a lot, or can we calculate the new power angle by using the equation P=Ef x Vt x Sin (power angle) / Xs? For part c, would the Vt be kept constant if Ef is increased? Sometimes I am confused about which unknown is the constant after the changes. Thank you so much!
Vt is always assumed constant, what will change is the internal voltage and the torque angle. The change in the power factor is due to the increase in the power and because V and I are assumed constant, then pf will be proportional to power.
@@electrical4everyone Thank you very much Professor~
@user-lu7ww8gk7d you are welcome
Could you explain why a negative sign was added for a leading power factor when it was stated that the factory operates at 0.8 leading power factor? (Q- d)
Leading power factor means: 1. The sign of the reactance is negative (capacitive load) 2. The sign of the reactive power is negative This implies that the angle sign of impedance and the apparent power is negative. Moreover, the sign of the current will be positive as I = V/Z, so it has opposite angle of Z
@@electrical4everyone I agreed that reactive component (Q) will be negative due to capacitive load while the current leads, resulting in a positive angle. Correct me if I m wrong.
@@sureshnagenthirarajah3097 Yes this is correct
I have an exam on Monday. Thank you professor for updating with latest question
I wish you all the best
Don't know how much I can say thanks to your channel~ Thank you!
Thank you so much professor for your support and effort. We have one week left for the exam (on Oct 28) so if you can solve couple more questions next days, much appreciated.
Yes this is the plan.
AbdulRahman Can we coordinate for preparation of B7? I also have this on 28th OCT.
@@farhanzamo I will be solving more in cha Allah and concentrate on exams after the COVID.
@@electrical4everyone جزاكم الله خيرا. Can you please solve more questions on Load Flow and Stability questions that occurred in the recent exams?
@farhanzamo For B7 preparation, this is my advice: You need to solve 5/7 questions and I strongly suggest to answer the following topucs: 1. Three phase which is mandatory 2. Transmission lines 3. Sync machine 4. Transformer 5. Load flow I will be solving more in these topics in the coming week.
Thank you so much professor
Thanks professsor. Really appreciate it. Exam of B7 is on 28 October.
I will be solving more before the exam
these videos are very helpful
Could we calculate zth by Voltage source SC and current sources OC in this question?
The general method to calculate Zth is find Voc and Isc and Zth = Voc/Isc, however, when we only have independent sources, then we can calculate directly Zth by switching off all sources.
@@electrical4everyonethank you professor
Hello there I like your videos Thank you for uploading in utube I am preparing for 16-Ele-A1 and looking for paper solutions from last couple of years. I would like to learn from you. Are you providing classes online or offline ?
Hi, thanks for your nice words. I have prepared a playlist for A1 questions. I noticed for A1 exam there is no difference between the exams before and after the COVID. I do not provide private tutoring as I do these videos as a hobby, but feel free to ask me any specific question and I will do my best address your questions.
Thank you
Dear Professor, I have a question regarding calculations in part b and c: in part b, we used line-line voltage of 460V at 0 degree angle to calculate current but then in part c, why did we use the line to neutral voltage 460/root 3, also at 0 degrees when calculating Ea? Shouldn't we account for the -30-degree phase shift that occurs when transitioning from line-to-line to line-to-neutral? Since we are using the current 𝐼 calculated in part b for the calculation of 𝐸𝑎 in part c, wouldn’t using the incorrect phase angle for the voltage 𝑉 affect our results? Thank you for your guidance!
In part (b), I only used the magnitude of the line-line voltage which is 460V and I did not use the angle. The power factor even if we use line quantities in the power formula is for the phase.
@@electrical4everyone Thank you sir, that makes sense.
Hi Professor Ayman, I've been watching your A6 video playlist and I greatly appreciate the effort you've put in. Much love! <3 I'd like to propose an alternate way to solve step 2 instead of the triangles because i find them complicated. Write out Ea∠? = VT∠0 + Ia * jXs as you did. (note Ia *jXs = -18.11 +j24.12) Then expand Ea into Ea*cos? + jEa*sin? = VT∠0 -18.11 +j24.12. This can be separated into two equations. Real: Ea*cos? = VT∠0 -18.11 and imaginary: Ea*sin? = 24.12 From here we can solve the imaginary side 480*sin? = 24.12 > ? = sin-1 (24.12/480) = 2.88° VT = 497.5V same as yours but I find the separation of real and imaginary to be an easier concept. Would love to hear your thoughts!
I love your answer, I think it is easier than my approach.
Thank you so much for this alternate solution ! 🤩
in some videos finding core lenght they make mean lenght- gap lenght in your case you did core lenght = mean core lenght which one is correct? dear Ayman El-Hag
It is assumed that the given mean length excludes the air gap. Nevertheless, even if you subtract the air gap, the results will be practically the same as the air gap is very small.
very helpful
A 50 hp, 440 V, 60 Hz, three-phase, Y-connected induction motor has the following equivalent circuit parameters: R1=0.1Ω R2′=0.12Ω X1 =0.35Ω X2′=0.4Ω 𝑃rot=2150W With no load, the line current is 18 A at 0.089 p.f. lagging. If the motor speed is 1755 rpm, determine: a. the line current; b. the developed torque; c. the output power (may be different than rated output); and, d. the efficiency. dear prof, I am unable tio figure out this question. I tired, but the answers aren't making sense. i have never seen a question with excitation branch elements not given. is the question itself wrong or is there a way to tackle this? Really need your guidance on this one. I shall be grateful to you.
Can please give me the exam date, I'm assuming it is A6
@@electrical4everyone Sir, its May 2014 A6 exam
Two 600-kW, 60-Hz, diesel-driven synchronous generators A and B have governor speed regulations of 2.0 and 5.0 percent, respectively. Both machines are in parallel and supplying equal shares of a 1000-kW bus load at 57 Hz. a. Sketch the approximate governor characteristics for both machines on one set ofcoordinate axes, and indicate the operating frequency. Label both curves. b. On the same diagram, approximate a new operating condition that assumes theload on the bus decreases a total of 400kW. c. Determine the new frequency and the new load distribution for the conditions in part (b). This question appeared in May 2016, Sir? To solve such questions, we need to have slope in MW/Hz that can be calculated from speed drop. However, I am having confusion, since no-load frequency is not given explicitly. Should i suppose the rated frequency of 60 Hz as Full load frquency and calculate no-load frequency , or shall i assume it as no-load frequency and calculate the full load frequency? secondly, with these dropping percents and given freuqnecy, the two generators can't share load of 1 MW at 57 hz. This system frequency isn't correct, in my opinion. Can u please guide me on this? Thanks
Currently I'm concentrating on solving questions from exams after the COVID as they are consistent and have different pattern than the exams before the COVID.
it can also be said that at lower slip, rotor losses are less (since P,rcl = s*P,ag) and and more airgap power transforms into converted power, hence efficinecy increases. Similary, if rotor is blocked, slip becomes 1, and all airgap power is consumed in the rotor (P,conv = P,ag- P,rcl). and output power becomes zero.
That will work too
Sir, what's the name of the software?
The software name is: Automation studio. I have couple of videos using it. It is a more practical software
@@electrical4everyone thank you. I will look into that, once I am done with the A6 exam. It's on 21st Oct 2024.
@@rooh.ulamin good luck
Thank you professor, Can you please solve one question about Salient generator. Can you please explain how to deal with Xd, Xd’ and Xd” and what is the difference between steady state condition , subtransient and transient ?
For the difference between Xd, Xd' and Xd'' is there any specific question. For Salient generstors I will try to solve one question next week.
Dr, are there synchronous Generator questions in the exam?. I saw generator questions being in exams from 2013, 2012 and 2016
To answer your question, it is very hard to tell as this will depend on the examiners. This is why you see completely different style after certain years, which will be due to the change of the examiner. Nevertheless, I solved two questions about synchronous machines after the COVID in the A6 playlist.
@@electrical4everyone thanks Dr I am assuming both share the same concept right? I dont remember it was a long time ago since I studied and used machines concepts in my work
@@heshamhelal There are some differences including the current direction. In my channel there is a playlist about synchronous machines with several solved problems.
@@electrical4everyone thank you doctor appreciated
thank you!
You are welcome
Thank you so much for elaborating on the steps to solve this. Could you share how to solve question no. 3 of Dec 2017? The question has the same structure, but instead of asking for the current for the inductor, the question asks for the voltage for a capacitor. I am wondering how the switch affects the capacitor circuit when it is in a steady state. Thanks a lot.
Hi You can simply follow the steps of the following transient questions that use capacitors, although these two questions are different in terms of how the capacitor opens, the approach is the same. ua-cam.com/video/tPbRyDBzn6U/v-deo.htmlsi=44QCE54e_Yw9BACL ua-cam.com/video/FTVP678xzmc/v-deo.htmlsi=9BUGVE1-3mPq2F_c
Hi professor there is a video in this playlist on unsymmeterical faults that is hidden it it possible to unhide it.
Hi, I'm not sure if I understood you correctly, but I do not have any question hidden in this playlist or any other playlist.
I believe the open circuit test should be performed on the low voltage side to reduce the maximum voltage to be measured. It is typically done on the low voltage side, but the data in this question might be incorrect. The open circuit test voltage should be 230V, not 2300V.
You are right that the no load test is usually done on the low voltage side. But this question assumed that the test was done on the high voltage side. The full load current on the high voltage side is 6.5 A and on the low voltage side is 65A. The no load current in the test matches more the high voltage side as the no load current is usually 2-5% of the full load current, so I think is correct in terms of the values but again I agree this is not what happened in the field.
@@electrical4everyone I agree with you.
Hi Professor, would you mind helping us to solve the Dec 2020 Question 5? I am a bit confused with the use of sub-transient reactance. Or any Hints for us? Thank you so much~
Hi I can do that, but I think a better strategy for B7 exam is the following: You have 7 questions in the exam and you need to choose only 5. I suggest to concentrate on the following topics: 1. Three phase 2. Transformer 3. Synchronous generator 4. Transmission lines 5. Load flow There are two other topics which are: 1. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults 2. Transient stability These two topics are a bit more difficult than the other 5 topics, with the exception of the symmetrical faults that I already solved couple of questions.
@@electrical4everyone Thank you so much! Your advice is valuable to everyone.
Thank you so much! 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
You are so welcome!
Thank yo Dr for your helpful videos.
You are welcome
A 600V, 60Hz, 8-pole, Y -connected, three-phase synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 9 ohm per phase and negligible armature resistance. When it runs at no load, the motor draws an armature current of 8 A at a 0.08 pf leading. For the no-load condition, calculate: a. the induced voltage; b. the power angle, and, c. the rotational losses of the motor. This motor is used as a synchronous condenser to improve the overall power factor of a small factory, whose other loads include: a three-phase induction motor delivering an output power of 15 kW at an efficiency of 90% and a power factor of 0.85 lagging. a combined heating and lighting load at a power factor of 0.95 lagging. Calculate: d. the synchronous motor active and reactive power required to operate the plant at unity power factor; e. the synchronous motor armature current for the conditions in (d); and, f. the excitation emf required for the conditions in (d).
Dear Professor, do you think this question has missed giving the details of heating load. This question came in May 2015 exam
You are absolutely correct, they should provide two out of four quantities to identify the load, these four quantities are: S, P, Q and pf. Using the power triangle we can find the other two. So, only one quantity is not sufficient. I noticed couple of mistakes in other exams as well.
Thank you so much!
You're welcome!
in part e, how do we know that it wants us to compare torque angle and Ea with that of what is calculated in d (iii) , and not Ea from part (c)?
This is a good question, the question was not clear, so I assumed they refer to the previous part.
@@electrical4everyone thank you
@@rooh.ulamin you are welcome
Dear Sir, In part d (i), it should be cosine inverse of 0.8, not tan inverse.
Thanks for your comment, it was a typo and I fixed it in the video description.
Hi professor! At 5:06, you put IA=55 in the equivalent circuit diagram, or should this be IA= 55/sq rt 3 as a Delta connection? Thank you.
Thanks for your feedback, there was no clear description if this the line of the phase current, so I assumed it is the phase current.
@@electrical4everyone Thank you~
@@user-lu7ww8gk7d you are welcome
Thank you Prof!
You are welcome
Thank you for this video!
Thank you so much for your help!
You are welcome
Very down to earth explanation
Thanks for your nice words
Dear Professor, Thank you once again. Your explanation is so clear, which helps us a lot. Regards, Jerry.
You are welcome.