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Psyched! Discussions
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Приєднався 19 чер 2013
Neuroscientists REACT to 25 Facts about the Brain
Two neuroscientists react and give their opinion about 25 alleged facts of the brain. Some of the things were not false, others were just wrong.
Time stamps:
0:00 Intro
0:31 How much electricity does the brain generate?
1:46 Can researchers change empathy?
3:25 What does alcohol do to memory?
4:04 How many computations does the brain perform?
5:45 How fast are brain signals?
6:38 What does jetlag do to the brain?
7:36 Is brain surgery painful?
9:16 What causes the mind to wander?
10:26 How much can we store in short-term memory?
11:23 Is multitasking impossible?
13:47 Does playing an instrument improve mental ability?
16:15 How does memory work?
17:10 What is synaesthesia?
18:09 How much information can the brain store?
19:28 How much does the brain weigh?
19:56 How long are all brain vessels together?
20:21 Is reading allowed beneficial for brain development?
22:29 Are our attention spans becoming shorter?
25:36 What is the Google effect?
26:42 Do artificial flavors harm intelligence?
30:23 Are we better in remembering information from pictures?
32:25 The brain has two hemispheres
34:00 The brain prefers first things on a list
34:42 There is a same amount of neurons and Milky way stars
35:27 Yawning helps to control internal temperature.
Original source:
www.inc.com/john-brandon/25-amazing-facts-about-the-human-brain-you-should-probably-memorize.html
Time stamps:
0:00 Intro
0:31 How much electricity does the brain generate?
1:46 Can researchers change empathy?
3:25 What does alcohol do to memory?
4:04 How many computations does the brain perform?
5:45 How fast are brain signals?
6:38 What does jetlag do to the brain?
7:36 Is brain surgery painful?
9:16 What causes the mind to wander?
10:26 How much can we store in short-term memory?
11:23 Is multitasking impossible?
13:47 Does playing an instrument improve mental ability?
16:15 How does memory work?
17:10 What is synaesthesia?
18:09 How much information can the brain store?
19:28 How much does the brain weigh?
19:56 How long are all brain vessels together?
20:21 Is reading allowed beneficial for brain development?
22:29 Are our attention spans becoming shorter?
25:36 What is the Google effect?
26:42 Do artificial flavors harm intelligence?
30:23 Are we better in remembering information from pictures?
32:25 The brain has two hemispheres
34:00 The brain prefers first things on a list
34:42 There is a same amount of neurons and Milky way stars
35:27 Yawning helps to control internal temperature.
Original source:
www.inc.com/john-brandon/25-amazing-facts-about-the-human-brain-you-should-probably-memorize.html
Переглядів: 62
Відео
Reward Processing in the Brain, Predictive Coding, Dopamine, and Addiction
Переглядів 832 роки тому
Why do we like rewards? Why do we like sugar? Is sugar addictive? And how is dopamine related to rewards? This video is all about the neuroscience behind how the brain processes feelings of reward (and punishment). It is more than just dopamine. We discuss everything from how the brain makes predictions about potentially rewarding outcomes and how we update these predictions, to how we reliably...
TMS Machines and Protocols: rTMS, Deep TMS, Theta Burst & SAINT - TMS Talk 04
Переглядів 5862 роки тому
Welcome to the fourth episode of TMS talk. This episode will go in detail about which different TMS protocols there are and which TMS machines you can find. With Dr. Miles Wischnewski I will start by shortly talking about different machines (Brainsway, Neurostar, Magventure, Magstim, Mag & More, CloudTMS, Nextstim), and why it really does not matter too much which one you take. The main part of...
An Introduction To Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) - TMS Talk 01
Переглядів 4172 роки тому
Welcome to the first episode of TMS talk. This episode will be an introduction to TMS, explaining the history and basic principles. With Dr. Miles Wischnewski Time stamps: 0:00 What is TMS talk and who am I? 4:07 What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)? 7:13 History of TMS part 1 (Before 1985) 11:28 How TMS stimulates the brain 17:36 History of TMS part 2 (1985-1995) 23:34 History of TM...
Very well explained!
Thank you so much for these informations
You are welcome!
Thank you for doing this!
Thank you!
would it help for people who had a stroke? to recover faster?
Great question! That is exactly what my own research is about. And indeed we found that physical therapy together with TMS is more effective in recovery of movement than PT alone. And there are many more studies like that! Currently I am doing another study to understand the effects of TMS better in stroke survivors.
@@psycheddiscussions4661 nice. I think in Holland we are behind with tms
Yea, I think there is some cool research. But implentation to clinics is slow. Coverage by insurance companies is limited and it took very long.
@@psycheddiscussions4661 hm hope my dad can do this, and that it will be covered from health insurance
You made me happy by your top information❤
Thank you!
Are there any TMS protocols where the TPO or temporal lobe is stimulated? What condition(s) is it for?
I am not aware of Temporal lobe TMS for therapy. At least not FDA approved. I know there are some research studies on temporal stimulation on working memory. Also temporoparietal stimulation for spatial memory and navigation. But all of that is not in a therapeutic setting.
Yes. I need t emporaal lbe treatment as well. Please help. I'm desperate!
Thank you kindly for creating & sharing this video. It's much appreciated. The tips there are useful for stacking the deck in favour of a positive outcome. The morning for a morning person was really interesting. I will look for that study.
Thank you for watching! TMS is not guaranteed to work, but it would be great if we can make the odds as good as possible :)
I do SAINT protocol and we have had 100% positive results. So far we have done 5 patients. TMS Brain Health Las Vegas
Great!
Hi miles! thanks so much for these talks. What happens if you take a break from tms? say two weeks?
Hi Ruby. It depends a little. I would say that it is not ideal, because the effects of TMS are cummulative. BUT, the effects also will not go away after two weeks. You may need to add an additional week at the end or so. It will also depend on what you will be doing when you are away in those two weeks. A stressful two weeks can be detrimental. But a relaxed vacation may be even beneficial.
Hi Miles, could you link the study associating chronotype and time of day tms is applied contributing to success? I wound like to send to my Psych
Of course, here it is: Salehinejad, M.A., Wischnewski, M., Ghanavati, E. et al. Cognitive functions and underlying parameters of human brain physiology are associated with chronotype. Nat Commun 12, 4672 (2021). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24885-0
Thanks again, Miles. Now I get it!
Thank you for taking the time to watch!
Thanks for the info. Can you list the theta stimulation protocol pattern again? I got confused lol.
It really is confusing right? haha. I will break it down from full to detail. The entire thing is 3 to 4 minutes. Within those 3 minutes there are blocks of 2 seconds of stimulation and 8 seconds of rest. within each 2 second block of stimulation there are 10 so called "bursts" each burst consists of 3 TMS pulses that are super fast after each other. Here is a video on my other channel: ua-cam.com/video/gwQd0beSGXo/v-deo.html I think at some point I do show a picture of how the protocol pattern looks like
Thank you for this very informative video. There have been studies showing the effectiveness of Ketamine and TMS combination therapy. I am scheduled to receive TMS and was wondering if you think that taking ketamine troches (oral ketamine) at the same time as my TMS treatments would have a synergistic effect. Thanks again!
There is indeed some research, but it is limited. The best summary is this paper: doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02187 Important to note is that ketamine + TMS seems to be safe. So that is truly a good thing. Also the combination seems to be positive in treatment of both unipolar and bipolar depression. The only issue I see that it is "too much" for the brain, leading to more pronounced side effects (most likely extreme fatigue). But of course you yourself are the only person who can judge that. So, my advice would be to keep on taking ketamine while getting TMS in a small dose and then assess how you feel. If it goes well, keep going, if not, you may want to take a break from the ketamine.
@@psycheddiscussions4661 okay great thanks for the reply. I was wondering what you think about doing the ketamine troches during the actual TMS session? For example, taking a dose of ketamine right before i sit in the chair for TMS.
Oral ketamine takes about 20 to 30 minutes to be taken up by the body, so if you want to try it, you should at least have that much time in between. But I don't know how ketamine and TMS will interact. I cannot tell you whether it will amplify the effect or interfere. I am sorry, but I cannot rely answer your question.
I’m learning more and more thanks
This is so incredibly helpful I can’t thank you enough!
❤
Thank you for this helpful information. Are you in the US?
Thank you! I am happy that it was useful! I currently live in Minneapolis, MN :)
You mentioned cough syrup as possibly slowing neuro plasticity. Should sleep aids be avoided as well, eg melatonin?
The cough medicine indeed can slow neuroplasticity, but to be honest, it would only be a problem in high doses (more than 3x the recommended dose). Sleep aids should be out of your system by the time you wake up. So those are no problem I think. Moreover, if they help you sleep, they can actually have a positive effect, because it is important to be well rested. Sleep deprivation also hurts neuroplasticity. So, in most cases I would suggest to keep using sleep meds :)
If I don’t have any effects during the first two hours does that mean it’s not working for me
No. Many people do not feel any immediate effects. The effects of TMS in the first few hours are subtle and do often not immediately translate to how you feel. These effects in the first few hours have been studied mostly in animal studies where we can stick an measuring electrode into the brain. But a change in neurons is not immediately followed by a change in behaviour or a change in how you feel. Many people do not experience improvements until several weeks into the treatment.
What are the pharmasuctical interventions that block neuroloplaciticy
I am not expert on pharmaceuticals, so this question is one you should probably ask your psychiatrist. But what I do know is that dextromethorphan (which I mentioned in the talk) is used in research to block NMDA receptors (which is a specific kind of connection between brain cells). Dextromethorphan is often used in non-invasive brain stimulation research to inhibit neuroplasticity. It can be found in various medications against cough. But, it is only really a problem when using more than 5x times the suggested dose. Also, how pharamaceuticals affect the brain is incredibly complex and not straight forward. Memantine and Ketamine for example, also are also NMDA antagonist, yet they can have positive effects on cognition and depressive symptoms. How these drugs act when they are combined together with TMS is still unclear. So when it comes to medications, definitely ask someone who is an expert!
Thanks Miles! Very informative as usual! Please keep them coming! Especially the information about the post treatment as far as stress levels. Before starting my treatment I got into a routine of meditation because my anxiety is so terrible. And have wondered if having been in this less anxious state of mind helped with my being an early responder and seeing such good results? I also completely quit drinking and using medical marijuana about 6 months before starting the treatment and wonder if that has any effects on neuroplasticity? Looking forward to the talk next week on protocol also. I did tell my team who wanted to bump me up to the 20Hz that I wanted to stay at 10Hz. Thanks again for all the help as I feel like there are a lot of people working in these centers who are not as informed as they should be.
Thank you again for watching! Glad you enjoyed!
Hi Miles! Thanks again for sharing your knowledge and information. I’m absolutely fascinated with TMS and the brain in general and grateful that I get to experience the positive effects of this treatment. One of my questions is about the movement you mentioned from stimulation of the motor cortex. Should you experience movement during the treatment? The finger twitches? I am receiving left side rTMS for MDD and I have been experiencing the movement when they increase to 120%. We have then been lowering it to 110-115% without the twitching. But it seems they really want to get me to the 120%. I understand that is the “therapeutic” dosage but I was an early responder and have been responding well to the 110%. I was at 120% but as I had mentioned in a comment on the last video, I had to put my treatment on hold due to having Covid so I may need to work back up to get my threshold back to 120%. I only have 9 sessions left and I feel they may be pushing it because they want me to get back to the 120% ASAP but, the twitching gets pretty intense. But now I know that I am also making it worse by expecting it! Should you feel any twitching or right arm muscle movement during treatment? Thanks again!
Hi Kim, Thank you again for listening and your great questions. About the movements. During motor mapping you will experiences finger or hand movements. But during treatment they move the TMS to another place. At that time, it is unlikely that you feel any movement in your fingers anymore. But, what is very normal during treatment is movement of the jaw and other facial muscles, like eye brows, cheeks and nose. Those twitches come from stimulation of superficial muscles that cannot be avoided. For some it can be really annoying, such that they need to wear teeth protection. So although that is normal, I also would say that you still should feel, more or less, comfortable. So if 120% is really too much, you should be really explicit about it and tell them that you would prefer 110%. The intensity of 120% is used as a magic number by therapists. But in reality, the science shows that there is a lot of variability and in many cases lower intensities work perfectly. So if you feel that 1) 120% is too much and 2) your depression symptoms improved after 110%, then I think that 110% is correct for you and 120% is not needed. If you can, try to friendly but insistently tell them that. :) (Note: my opinion is based on a lot of reading and 9 years of TMS experience, but in the end it is "just" an opinion)
Thanks Miles! I do experience some of the jaw movements but at the 120% I also experienced my right hand twitching during the treatment. We also did switch machines from the one I was originally mapped on, so I don’t know it that makes a difference. I really appreciate you offering up yourself for questions as I feel that the technicians aren’t fully trained on the science but the techniques. Well mine are, I’m not sure that is the case with every center. My technician is very sweet but I don’t feel she has the training on the inner workings of the brain, but does have training on the technology of the machine. So a lot of my questions are answered with guesses rather than actual facts. So it’s nice to be able to communicate with someone with so much knowledge and actual training in the field and on the machines. It’s very much appreciated! Hopefully you can help many others like me get the answers they need, and maybe the training for the centers. I’ve never even spoken to a doctor at my center. But I do have an appointment on Monday to talk to the Nurse Practitioner.
Good technicians are important, and I agree that maybe not all of them understand the nitty gritty of the matter. So it is nice to hear that you can trust your techs! Good luck on Monday! :)
It's interesting. I drink 1-2 cups of coffee per day, but have regular breaks from it altogether. Don't smoke, don't drink alcohol. Don't think the caffeine is interfering too much. When I have right side TMS I try to relax, just listen to relaxing sounds on my headphones. Left side TMS I usually listen to music or watch something on my phone. I'm not a morning person so I tend to do TMS in the afternoon. I usually go to the gym before I do TMS. I have 3 sessions per week to keep me going, and it's been working. My mood has been stable enough for me to work and study. Thank you for your video!
I did not really touch on this, but exercise is a positive thing, particularly if it is not too straining. Some steady state cardio, or low to medium resistance exercise has shown to improve neuroplasticity. So, I love to hear that you do this before the sessions! Indeed, the 1 or 2 cups of coffee probably make no big difference. It starts to become an issue if people drink upwards of 2-3 cups more than usual. Thanks for listening and commenting!
Great Information; One of the main points you make in this presentation is that you should keep your routine the same while you go through TMS. My experience was a little different. I have had Depression for over 25 years (MDD) and sought out TMS after Meds had failed several times. I continued to take my meds throughout TMS (Lexapro, Straterra and Trazedone). I took it upon myself to add extra activities while going through TMS that I believed help my brain heal sooner. Here's what I added to my daily routine. 1. Because I had severe rumination in morning, I would set an alarm and get up and sit under a bright light or go outside and let the sun sign on my face. This help break the Rumination loop. 2. Drink a morning protein smoothy 3. Take the following Supplements that I read help the brain; Vitamen E, Magnesium, Zinc, D, B Complex, B12 and Omega 3 Fish oil 4. Remove Negative triggers such as watching the News and Neagtive Programming. 5. Go for a walk in nature and also started exercising 6. I have Insomnia, so my MD prescribed Trazedone which I take every night before bed...I also listen to Sleep Meditation Videos on UA-cam by Jason Stephenson. I did the above routine at the start of TMS and all the way through and have done this everyday since. I have been in remission from Depression for 3 years +. I believe TMS plus Proper Nutrition, Supplements, Exercise and Meditation are a great combination to keep Depression at bay. Please feel free to reach out to me if you have any questions.
Yea, I would agree with that! Introducing positive habits is never a bad thing. That is why I also said that sleep medication or meditation may help if it improves sleep. So adding in these new positive aspects can certainly improve the effect of TMS. I think what I wanted to point out is that you shouldn’t make any haphazard changes to your life style if you don't know if they will help. :) Thanks for the comment!
This is great help. Thank you SO much for doing these talks!
Thank you for watching/listening. I am glad it was helpful :)
Thank you so much for getting into the history and the science of TMS. You answered all of the questions that the NP at my treatment center could not answer. I have a question as far as concurrent treatments. I am currently on my 25th treatment for major depressive disorder. I was an early responder and started seeing results around the 6th treatment. I have had a couple dips but all in all my general mood has improved as well as my creative drive and interest in hobbies and past times. I recently got Covid though and had to put my treatment on hold for 2 weeks. In your opinion, will that time off between treatments affect the amount of progress I make before my last session (36 total)? Is the neuroplasticity affected by lulls in the treatment? Thanks again and looking forward to more videos in the future!
Hi Kim, glad the video was helpful! About your situation, it is of course difficult to predict. But my educated guess is that the two weeks of will not be negative. The neuroplastic changes that you have build up until now don't just disappear. But it may take a few session to reactivate these networks again. So, if possible you may want to add like 3 or 4 session at the end (if that is possible at all). If not, I don't think it would be a huge problem. Just have a look at how you feel after 36 sessions. If you feel good, keep it like it is. If you feel it could be a little better, try and see if you can add a handful of sessions. In the future I will also dedicate an episode to neuroplasticity and how the dips may occur. Thanks for sticking around!
My son completed 6 weeks of TMS for OCD. I feel it helped with his mental state as a whole, he is happier, he has less mood swings, and it seemed to give him the mood boost that pushed him to participate in exposure response therapy. I would definitely do it again if we notice a backslide.
I am very glad to hear that it helped!
Maybe an introduction of yourself. Credentials and such.
Thanks! There is some in the beginning, but I will talk about it a little bit more in the beginning of the next time.
Nice video! Looking forward for more
Thanks!