- 1
- 14 025
Arwin D. Smallwood
Приєднався 8 гру 2011
Arwin D. Smallwood_Melungeon-Tuscarora.mp4
Comment on Tuscarora and Melungeon people in North Carolina and Virginia.
After the defeat of the Tuscarora in North Carolina during the Tuscarora War from 1711 to 1713 and their forced migration to New York on the "Tuscarora Trail" or "Death Trail," communities of tri-racial Tuscarora can be documented in every state they passed through on their way to rejoin the Iroquois Confederacy or leave North Carolina. Many who carried the "Tuscarora Eye" followed ancient trading and migratory routes west and north where they say they originated. Scores of these refugees from the war chose to settle in isolated valleys and rural areas away from whites and their kinsmen of the Iroquois Confederacy. In these places they intermarried with each other and runaway slaves to eliminate their European characteristics. Others of their group intermarried with whites to avoid persecution but all refused to deny their tri-racial heritage. They were unable, however, to acknowledge their Tuscarora ancestry because of an order by the North Carolina Colonial Assembly which called for their complete extermination in 1715 following the Tuscarora War. As a result many claimed to be Cherokee because the Cherokee had aided the colony in the Tuscarora War and were revered by whites. Others refused to state their race or to be classified as black, white or Native American.
www.iroquoismuseum.org/ve1.htm
www.okhumanities.org/Websites/ohc/images/Magazines/summer_2012/history_long_forgotten.pdf
www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?sp=search&k=Markers&sv=A-2
www.mixedracestudies.org/wordpress/?tag=arwin-smallwood
www.amazon.com/Bertie-County-Eastern-Carolina-History/dp/073852395X/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1335318059&sr=1-2
www.questia.com/read/1G1-70872607/a-history-of-native-american-and-african-relations
aalrmag.org/special-issue-on-mixed-race/
For more information contact me at www.ncat.edu/history
After the defeat of the Tuscarora in North Carolina during the Tuscarora War from 1711 to 1713 and their forced migration to New York on the "Tuscarora Trail" or "Death Trail," communities of tri-racial Tuscarora can be documented in every state they passed through on their way to rejoin the Iroquois Confederacy or leave North Carolina. Many who carried the "Tuscarora Eye" followed ancient trading and migratory routes west and north where they say they originated. Scores of these refugees from the war chose to settle in isolated valleys and rural areas away from whites and their kinsmen of the Iroquois Confederacy. In these places they intermarried with each other and runaway slaves to eliminate their European characteristics. Others of their group intermarried with whites to avoid persecution but all refused to deny their tri-racial heritage. They were unable, however, to acknowledge their Tuscarora ancestry because of an order by the North Carolina Colonial Assembly which called for their complete extermination in 1715 following the Tuscarora War. As a result many claimed to be Cherokee because the Cherokee had aided the colony in the Tuscarora War and were revered by whites. Others refused to state their race or to be classified as black, white or Native American.
www.iroquoismuseum.org/ve1.htm
www.okhumanities.org/Websites/ohc/images/Magazines/summer_2012/history_long_forgotten.pdf
www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?sp=search&k=Markers&sv=A-2
www.mixedracestudies.org/wordpress/?tag=arwin-smallwood
www.amazon.com/Bertie-County-Eastern-Carolina-History/dp/073852395X/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1335318059&sr=1-2
www.questia.com/read/1G1-70872607/a-history-of-native-american-and-african-relations
aalrmag.org/special-issue-on-mixed-race/
For more information contact me at www.ncat.edu/history
Переглядів: 14 026
TURKS HAVE BEEN HERE FOR ANLONG TIME BEFORE COLOMBO
There were no Africans left on road no island because they brought no Africans in the 1500s to the new world. This guy needs to a little bit more research
My family is from Halifax county, NC. My cousins have green eyes. I’m hoping to get in contact with this brother. I need help and you’re answering 99% of my questions
Thank you for this I have Tuscarora 🩸 James/Patterson
now with all this said none of my family had any blacks on both sides, some may but many did not so all the Tuscarora are not black as this seems to make them
My family comes from North Carolina Indian Woods and my Last name is Smallwood.
Hey cousin 👀😂
@@ebonysmallwood8989 hey cousin 😊😊
I believe my mom is part melougeoun.
For question 1 - the answer is no. The English and Africans crossed the Atlantic ocean during Colonization and exploration along with the Spanish, French, Dutch and other European nations after 1492. Question 2 - Yes, Africans (Negros) had Brown eyes. Any with Green, blue or Gray eyes could have only developed them from mixing with Europeans. Native Americans also had brown eyes. So Negros with different colored eyes would not have come from mixing with un mixed Native Americans. So yes this is what I am saying. If you want power-points and reading materials that provide more information email me at asmallwo@ncat.edu
My great great great grandfather Jonathon Campbell Strickland married into the Martin's from Acquia Creek area in Stafford County, Virginia. John Asa Martin's father moved down to Cheraws Nest on the PeeDee. William Taptico of the Wicocomico Nation is also my 11th Great Grandfather.
Question so the people of the lost colony went all the way to Africa before they came here? I thought they were poor? Question so all negros who have different colored eyes are mixed even if they weren't in NC? Is that what your saying?
Alot of people learn about melungeons when doing geneology. I come from Appalachians on both sides of my family SE Ky area thereabouts. Stories are much the same when you talk w others of the same lineage. Everyone has a story about a"Full blooded Cherokee" Grandmother,it seems. I used to really want to know what my true ethnicity is but it was in my face the entire time. Appalachian people are always looking outside themselves but at this point that IS our ethnicity. mountain families are very misunderstood and overlooked
I’ve been trace my bloodline to find out I have Tuscarora in my bloodline and Native American
Thank you for your research & videos. I am Melungeon based both family tree research & DNA testing. My family are from Eastern Kentucky & West Virginia. They refused to say they were anything but white. Racism in that part of the country is strong, yet so many people from there have black &/or native ancestry. I hate to say it, but it made my day when I was able to throw our genetic tests & family tree in their faces. I also found out that my family is also British royalty. They were some of the earliest settlers & did intermingle with & married a lot of natives & blacks. The early history of our country has been lost for far too long. Science & technology is finally revealing that history! So fascinating!!
Thank you for your post. I would enjoy learning more about your family.
Arwin D. Smallwood I will get with you on my family tree & dna results. It looks like your contact info is in the description. Correct?
Yes my contact information is in the description. You can email me at asmallwo@ncat.edu and my office number is 336-285-2048. I look forward to hearing from you.
To make better since of this, we have to look at the journals and writing of Sir Frances Drake who identifies the people who would later become called the Melungeons and the Lumbee's, of course no their actual ancestral identities nor heritages. Sir Francis Drake, perhaps the worlds most famous British privateer, who sank dozens of Portuguese and Spanish vessels, mentions the Moors, Moriscos, Turks, and Blacks as among those he rescued from the slave plantations and Galleys of the Portuguese and Spanish imperialists at the time frame of the early 1500s. There is an excellent academic work by Dr. Farouk Abdallah, (Author of Sir Francis Drakes, Turks Moors and Moriscos) and who has traveled and studied manuscripts in several languages concerning the early victim of war between the Moroccan, Ottoman and Spanish and Portuguese nations which resulted in those captives being freed by Sir Francis Drake and the establishment of the Roanoke Colony at Virginia.
My Great Grandfather is Half Melungeon, From the mountains. White people were very mean to him and also his Mother's side of the family who were of Welsh decent. It was and is very hard for them.
Ms. Bates I would enjoy talking with you about your family's history. Please send me and email and I will send you additional materials. My email is asmallwo@ncat.edu all the best.
Arwin D. Smallwood, I and my family know very little of my Great Grandfather's Father. I will let you know when I and my Mother find out more about him.
Were you able to find any information on your grandfather?
No such thing as half melungion. You either are or you aren’t.
Black Indian propaganda is a joke that sprung up a few decades ago. It sprung up around the same time the afrocentrics tried to claim blacks are somehow indigenous to the Americas, what a joke. There is no such thing as a Black Indian, either one is Native American indian or they are not, just like there is no such thing as a white Indian. An admixture of white or black drops of blood in a family line does not change an Indians race. Either one claims to be fully Indian or don't claim it at all. The one drop rule is a joke that is why the supreme court threw out Walter Pleckers racial integrity act in Loving v Virginia, it was oppressive as well as flawed. Race reclassification is illegal, yet it is still being practiced by government offices throughout America. *The U.S. Supreme Court struck down Walter Plecker's Racial Integrity Act in 1967 within Loving v. Virginia Argued: April 10, 1967, Decided: June 12, 1967, 206 Va. 924, 147 S.E.2d 78, reversed. Note: A little known fact about Mildred Loving of Loving v. Virginia. Mildred’s mother was part Rappahannock Indian, and her father was part Cherokee. She preferred to think of herself as Indian rather than black. Even she knew better than to use a black in front of Indian she just claim to be Indian, and she had a right to. Its called cultural appropriations or culture theft with this black Indian movement or agenda, they foolishly think they will somehow get rich off casinos if they can get enough black people, mostly afrocentric blacks, to claim that made up black Indian status.
I understand your point of view but respectfully disagree with you. I respect everyone's unique experience and story and there are many that are different are still to be told. To your point about "Black Indians" I would say that many Afrocentrics, tend to believe the opposite. They tend to believe that acknowledging, in any meaningful way any add mixture (native, white or other) is denying Blackness or African heritage. Thus they did not contribute in a significant way to the scholarship around "Black Indians." In fact during the era of "Black Power" many African-Americans who knew they were mixed with Native American blood but had lost contact with their nations remain silent. From fear of being seen as denying their blackness. Furthermore, the scholarship around this issue began before a few decades ago. In 1932 Kenneth W. Porter published “Relations between Negroes and Indians within the Present Limits of the United States,” Journal of Negro History 17 (July 1932). An article he based on documents and laws that had recorded this relationship from the time of first contact to that point. Many of these "Black Indians" were so light that they could pass for white or Indian. However, many also had family members that were too dark to pass and thus chose family over passing. Others did pass and married whites thus the argument for Eugenics. On the other side of this many people readily accept Natives mixed with European blood while having difficulty acknowledging those mixed with any African Blood. Scholars of early American History and slavery have written extensively on the first 200 years of Indian/African slavery and their impact on each other. It is well documented that before the revolution Native Americans and Africans mixed as slaves on plantations, in maroon communities (runaway slave communities) and as free people of color all over Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. It is also well known that due to skin color even when those with some African mixture could prove their Native ancestry they were classified as "Negro." Thus in terms of genocide those Indian women, men and children that were enslaved with Africans and became (Black Indians) have suffer as well. I would enjoy discussing this with you further and providing you with a more detailed list of sources. You can contact me directly at asmallwo@ncat.edu Here are a list of readings that discuss this issue in greater detail also see post by others who are personally impacted: Books:Forbes, Jack D. Africans and Native Americans Gallay, Allan. Indian Slave Trade and the Rise of the English Empire in The American South Graymont, Barbara.The Iroquois in the American Revolution. Hauptman, Laurence. The Iroquois in the Civil War: From Battlefield to Reservation Hauptman, Laurence. Between Two Fires: American Indians in the Civil War Heinegg, Paul. Free African Americans of North Carolina and Virginia: Including the Family Histories of More than 80% of Those Counted as “All Other Free Persons” In the 1790 and 1800 Census. Franklin, John Hope. The Free Negro in North Carolina. Jordan, Don and Michael Walsh. White CargoKennedy, Brent. Melungeons Price, Richard. Maroon Societies Perdue, Theda. Slavery & Evolution of Cherokee Society, 1540-1866 Saunt, Claudio. Black, White, and Indian Snyder, Christina. Slavery in Indian Country Trafzer, Clifford E., and Joel R. Hyer, eds. “Exterminate Them”: Written Accounts of Murder, Rape and Enslavement of Native Americans during the California Gold Rush. Usner Daniel H. Indians, Settlers & Slaves in a Frontier Exchange Economy Watson, Alan. Slave Law in the Americas Articles William S. Willis, “Divide and Rule: Red, White and Black in the Southeast,” Journal of Negro History 48 (July 1963). Sanford Winston, “Indian Slavery in the North Carolina Region,” Journal of Negro History 19 (October 1934). Jerome S. Handler, “The Amerindian Slave Population of Barbados in the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries,” Caribbean Studies 8 (1969). Kenneth W. Porter, “Relations between Negroes and Indians within the Present Limits of the United States,” Journal of Negro History 17 (July 1932). Kathryn E. Holland Braund, “The Creek Indians, Blacks and Slavery,” The Journal of Southern History 57 (November 1991). James W. Covington, “Some Observations Concerning the Florida-Carolina Indian Slave Trade,” Florida Anthropologist 20 (1967). Ariela J. Gross, “Of Portuguese Origin: Litigating Identity and Citizenship among the ‘Little Races’ in Nineteenth-Century America,” Law and History Review Fall 2007, Vol. 25, No. 3. Ariela J. Gross, “The Caucasian Cloak: Mexican Americans and the Politics of Whiteness in the Twentieth-Century Southwest,” The Georgetown Law Journal Vol. 95, No. 2, January 2007. Edward T. Price, “A Geographic Analysis of White-Negro-Indian Racial Mixtures in Eastern United States,” Association of American Geographers Annals 43 (June 1953). Allen W. Trelease, “Indian-White Contacts in Eastern North America: the Dutch in New Netherlands.” Ethnohistory, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Spring 1962): 137-146.
Their nonsense is a money making scam. They really think they will get rich by saying they are Indians as poor as my people are in the Americas, give me a freakin break. These afrocentrics are like a cancer in the U.S. They are almost as bad as the KKK because they are hardcore racist extremist who can't stand anything non white that wont claim black. They are culture vultures who are pretending to be Native anyone can see they are just doing this for money and land and nothing more, no black man came the americas before columbus, they make crap up to feed to their black audience. Not to say their are not mixed Indians with some black ancestry but that Black Indian thing is a joke no Elder no real Indian would ever put any race be it white or black before Indian we are not black white not even latino ( in reference to the many spanish speaking Indians like Taino, and some of the Mexican and central American people who actually have Indian ancestry.) Mixed or not THAT is not how we do things, we have traditional ways that don't change and have not changed even AFTER assimilation occurred, and these afrocentrics are just plain ignorant and actually offensive to us who actually are victims of paper genocide and to Elders who see their attempts at culture appropriations. www.papergenocide.org/culture-vultures--non-indians-and-their-delusional-attempts-at-hijacking-our-native-amerindian-culture-.html Afrocentrism is a "mythology" that is racist, reactionary.. facebook.com/Debunking-Afrocentrics-Nonsense-111748089244091/?fref=ts www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/did-west-africans-discover-america-in-the-late-middle-ages I don't need a degree to see that these afrocentric black persons have a more than few screws loose, and promote a nonsense movement who steals everyones culture because they don't want to deal with their own story of Black kings selling african to whites in the americas, blacks in America enslaving other blacks for $$. Black killing RED Indians under the title of the scandalous buffalo soldier (to gain INDIAN land and white man $$) The afrocentric does not want to deal with their real history. "There cannot be a black American. A black American is someone who participated and derised the profit from the genocide of the RED MAN. You had nothing to do with that. You were brought here as a slave. I know that. We're Africans. We're all the same people. There is no difference between us. I was born in Trinidad in the Caribbean. There is no difference between me and you. The only difference is when the slave ship got to Trinidad, they kicked me off Trinidad and brought you here. That's the only difference, we are the same people. Thus, if you understand that we are the same people, you will understand that we have brothers and sisters in the Caribbean, brothers and sisters on the whole north eastern coast of South America where they had slavery. Brothers and sisters here. And millions and millions and millions of our brothers and sisters in Africa." - Stokely Carmichael Stokely CarmichaeL was an african man who did not steal anyones culture, nor was he ashamed of his history in the americas unlike the afrocentric. And as a Native American Indian I can give him a thumbs up for speaking TRUTH about his black african people instead of making up lies and feel good fairytales like the afrocentric does.
Again we can agree on this. That for most Northeastern and Southeastern Natives you were born into the nation of your mother. Whether Tuscarora, Mohawk, Seneca or other. In this way the women kept the bloodlines and clans for many nations. It did not necessarily mater what the race or nation of the father was, the child was of the nation of his or her mother. So yes some Native peoples had and have a mixed heritage (Black, white, other) but they and their nation consider them only Native American. These children would have been considered Native and would have had a nation to affirm them, race would not have been a part of the discussion. Some nations today have moved away from this traditional practice, but others like the Tuscarora of New York strictly follow the maternal line even now. Also, if a nation chose to do so they could also adopt a person from another nation or race. When this was done the person was also considered a member of the adopting nation and treat as a member. I ask only these questions of you. What of the thousands of women and children taken as slave by other Native Nations and Europeans. People who were beaten, raped and forced to abandon their language and culture and mixed with enslaved Africans, whites and other Natives by their slave masters? What if one of these individuals were your ancestor. (great grand mother, grand mother, mother, sister or daughter). How should we discuss them in history? If you say they have no place in history I understand. I do not agree but I understand. So know I understand your point of view and respect you for it. Thank you for sharing your links and insights with me and I hope to hear from you in person by phone or email. All the best
Arwin D. Smallwood , Yakoke! Thank you!
How does one go about having the DNA test done to check? My mother was Tuscarora her father was Cherokee and my father was Onondaga. Now to find out for sure my fathers records are sealed as he and his sister had been adopted in Penn. Being raised in this area all my life (But born in Maxwell AFB Ala.) I would like to see more research into this area Robeson, Scotland. Richmond Marlboro (SC) etc. I have heard tells of small tribes from the Cheraws Pee Dees etc. To me most of the tribes got mixed with each other as the settlers started moving in and taking over lands. The tribes had no records before the settlers came and the settlers only kept up with the main contacts that they needed at the time. The smaller tribes would fall through the cracks and join the bigger tribes. But that is my view.
Heedeh cheenuh this is the case with the Lumbee tribe. Many different tribal members, along with African and European admixture, but the connecting factor was the Native heritage. But because Lumbee don't fit in the white mans definition of Native American they don't get any acknowledgment. And sadly because many of these people didn't resemble Natives, they were recorded as being Black, this is the case with my family.
Please see additional links I have post on the history of Race Mixing and my research.
there is no confusion you stated I thought,,, that you smallwood do not have any euro,or any black, in your DNA ,, so I stated ,, that is great so that means there was no mixing of the 300 blacks you found in your research,, so we all are just plain old tuscarora ,, not a bunch of mixed up peoples as your research would point to... of being mixing with 300 blacks that got off some boat just so they could mix in and change all indians to black indians as you 300 black warrior research states,,, which I stated from the start that is was wrong,, most of our peoples did not mix in with any one expect other native for a long time ,, and any mixing in started late 1980s and 1990s 2000s and many still here do not mix in with others I and many married and had children with other natives period,,, of Turtle Island as a whole,,, but we still are your friend and respect you , and want to talk to you again,, asap,,,
mr. burns I agree with you on the items you state,,, we still like you arwin,,,LOL,,, we all can agree to disagree,,,on some topics ,,,,any way,,,,
just got DNA back on it stated Native American Indian it did not have any euro.no black, and no other,,, so how about that, and not many Tuscarora mixed in with any of the people that had just killed off some of their people,
DroidXPhone this was not sent or stated my Robert Chavis DROIDXPHONE Mr. smallwood stated this DNA results ,,,,,
no confusion just good friendly conversation....
DroidXPhone I agree. Its near impossible to find a person of pure Native descent in this region of the country. Even the Western tribes like the Navajo show SOME admixture and they are considered the least admixed. The highest(other than a few Mexicans) I've seen on results was a Choctaw man who was about 80% Native, 12% Black, and 5% European prntscr.com/6wh56i
Thanks for bringing this information. I do a bit of native and black history on my channel. I am also Indigenous Black Native American. Chahta!
im part Tuscarora I had no idea they were melungeon.
I love my cousin Dr. Arwin D. smallwood
He is an intelligent man and I like how he "teaches" I have ancestors from the areas that he spoke of. Very interesting.
Collins is also the most found surname among South East tribes, The oldest reservation in America to this day has Collins living on the reservation, Tecumseh's brother in law was a Collins, The Maryland Piscatways claim their native blood thru the Collins family, the woman who works at the Smithsonian's native american Dept in D.C also claims her native blood thru the Collins family (Gabrielle Tayac). Federal Catawba's contains many of the Collins. World's strongest Native is a Collins also.
My husband's family are collins/gibsons/Mullins all from Hancock Tennessee. His 7th great grandfather is vardemon navarrah collins who started vardy valley and was married to Margaret Gibson. I have also found family who was listed as white then 10 years later listed as mulatto. I have traced them back to multiple regions of Indian tribes ranging from pumunkey, saponi, crowatan, powhatan, and algonquin but never had a solid lead on them being a tribal member although some of them it's hard to find tribal rolls on unfortunately. But I won't give up I will find my answer for my husband. His 3rd great grandfather is bud rand collins who was another famous collins from Tennessee because of his long life span but it truly is amazing finding out this stuff
If you was to look at the laws for "Free person of color" you would also see that Free person of color was legally anyone who was not full white. This was clearly stated in laws and also in numerous court cases where "Free person of color" was explained. Henry Collins was in fact a servant of Thomas wood however it was clearly stated in 1600's tha he came from Portugal.
So....DNA evidence does not support your theory Smokey.
Many of the Melungeon families left Granville, NC and became known as Lumbee. Lumbee for a long time was named Melungeon. This group also showed Native American haplogroups and this group never went to Tennessee.
That makes sense. OUr ancestry shows the intertwining. My family is from TN and we share ancestors with Lumbees. I have lots of Locklear dna matches
Also the BIA stated Melungeons was Native American before coming to Tennessee also.
Actually Melungeons had Q1a3a in several of their DNA results, they was also called Native American BEFORE coming to Tennessee. In fact Vardy Collins' grandaddy Henry Collins was a man from Portugal who lived in the Saponi village. The Supreme court ruled in favor of Melungeon people being Native American blood BEFORE coming to Tennessee also, this was in the Martha Simmerman trial.
To which DNA evidence are you referring? There have been a number of DNA studies conducted and to date most have been inconclusive.The only thing that appears certain is that most Melungeons and peoples of North Carolina who believe they are connected to the "Lost Colony" usually have some mix of African, European, and Native DNA.. They also sometimes have other mixtures particularly Mediterranean, Jewish, Turkish, etc. To discuss evidence email me at asmallwd@memphis.edu. Please give full name.
No worries friend.
There are more sources than I can list here. If you want more sources please email me at asmallwd@memphis.edu Walter Bigges. A summarie and true discourse of Sir Francis Drakes West Indian Voyage Wherein were taken the townes of Saint lago, Saneto Domingo, Cartagena & Saint Augustine: With Geographical Mapps exactly describing each of the townes with their situations, and the manner of Armies approaching to the winning of them. London: By Richard Field, 1589.
Didn't Drake take the remaining, half starved colonists at Roanoke back to England in 1586? How is it that he would have left 300 Africans there if there would have been no colony to sustain? The famous Lost Colony of Roanoke was the 1587 attempt but again I don't recall any Africans being brought. Could you give me a source for Drake's bringing of 300 Africans to Roanoke?
There were Africans at Roanoke in 1586-87?