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Maria Violaris
Приєднався 3 чер 2020
The Maths Behind Many-Worlds with Dr Sam Kuypers | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 3 Pt. 2
Welcome to Episode 3, Part 2 of the Quantum Foundations Podcast! I interview Dr Sam Kuypers, who is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Université de Montréal. We discuss the mathematics behind the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, also known as Everettian quantum theory, which has been the subject of Sam's research including work together with Prof. David Deutsch.
*Timestamps*
0:00 - Coming Up
1:24 - Intro
*Background*
2:47 - QM interpretations
7:00 - The measurement problem
10:09 - Unitary evolution
15:46 - What is a measurement?
*Maths of measurement*
20:12 - Measurement using CNOTs
29:41 - Measuring superpositions
34:19 - Entanglement in measurement
*Preferred basis problem*
43:56 - Ambiguity of measurement basis
47:39 - Dynamics and the environment
54:58 - Decoherence & density matrix
1:03:45 - Preferred basis in a quantum computer
1:05:31 - Comparison to classical physics
*Outro*
1:07:18 - Recap
1:09:54 - Wrap up
1:11:17 - Behind the Scenes
______________________
*Podcast background*
I recently completed my DPhil in the foundations of quantum information at Oxford (was completing during the time of recording!), and I now work on quantum computing at Oxford Quantum Circuits. I enjoy day-to-day conversations that change my perspective on what our best theories tell us about reality. This podcast aims to share these conversations and up-to-date research insights more widely.
Each episode has two parts:
Part 1: Detailed, accessible conceptual discussion without specialist terminology.
Part 2: Technical, mathematical explanation for those with a basic understanding of quantum mechanics and its formalism.
This is Part 2! You can watch Part 1 here: ua-cam.com/video/kdd-tAvFdOI/v-deo.html
*Want to learn the maths behind quantum information?*
If you'd like to understand the mathematical parts of this series, I recommend these free courses:
- John Watrous' "Understanding Quantum Information and Computation": ua-cam.com/play/PLOFEBzvs-VvqKKMXX4vbi4EB1uaErFMSO.html
- Artur Ekert's "Introduction to Quantum Information Science": ua-cam.com/play/PLkespgaZN4gmu0nWNmfMflVRqw0VPkCGH.html
These courses assume some background in linear algebra.
*Episode links and resources*
- Everettian relative states in the Heisenberg picture, Sam Kuypers and David Deutsch, arxiv.org/abs/2008.02328
- Book: The Emergent Multiverse by David Wallace
____________________
*Sam Kuypers' online profiles*
- Twitter / X: x.com/Sam_kuyp
- Substack: substack.com/@samuelkuypers
- Google Scholar: scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=sam+kuypers&btnG=
- LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/samuel-kuypers-9502a855/
*Maria Violaris' online profiles*
- Personal website: www.mariaviolaris.com
- Twitter / X: maria__violaris
- LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/maria-violaris/
- Instagram: @maria.violaris
- Substack: mariaviolaris.substack.com
- Google Scholar: scholar.google.com/citations?user=wD2Yk8kAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra
*Timestamps*
0:00 - Coming Up
1:24 - Intro
*Background*
2:47 - QM interpretations
7:00 - The measurement problem
10:09 - Unitary evolution
15:46 - What is a measurement?
*Maths of measurement*
20:12 - Measurement using CNOTs
29:41 - Measuring superpositions
34:19 - Entanglement in measurement
*Preferred basis problem*
43:56 - Ambiguity of measurement basis
47:39 - Dynamics and the environment
54:58 - Decoherence & density matrix
1:03:45 - Preferred basis in a quantum computer
1:05:31 - Comparison to classical physics
*Outro*
1:07:18 - Recap
1:09:54 - Wrap up
1:11:17 - Behind the Scenes
______________________
*Podcast background*
I recently completed my DPhil in the foundations of quantum information at Oxford (was completing during the time of recording!), and I now work on quantum computing at Oxford Quantum Circuits. I enjoy day-to-day conversations that change my perspective on what our best theories tell us about reality. This podcast aims to share these conversations and up-to-date research insights more widely.
Each episode has two parts:
Part 1: Detailed, accessible conceptual discussion without specialist terminology.
Part 2: Technical, mathematical explanation for those with a basic understanding of quantum mechanics and its formalism.
This is Part 2! You can watch Part 1 here: ua-cam.com/video/kdd-tAvFdOI/v-deo.html
*Want to learn the maths behind quantum information?*
If you'd like to understand the mathematical parts of this series, I recommend these free courses:
- John Watrous' "Understanding Quantum Information and Computation": ua-cam.com/play/PLOFEBzvs-VvqKKMXX4vbi4EB1uaErFMSO.html
- Artur Ekert's "Introduction to Quantum Information Science": ua-cam.com/play/PLkespgaZN4gmu0nWNmfMflVRqw0VPkCGH.html
These courses assume some background in linear algebra.
*Episode links and resources*
- Everettian relative states in the Heisenberg picture, Sam Kuypers and David Deutsch, arxiv.org/abs/2008.02328
- Book: The Emergent Multiverse by David Wallace
____________________
*Sam Kuypers' online profiles*
- Twitter / X: x.com/Sam_kuyp
- Substack: substack.com/@samuelkuypers
- Google Scholar: scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=sam+kuypers&btnG=
- LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/samuel-kuypers-9502a855/
*Maria Violaris' online profiles*
- Personal website: www.mariaviolaris.com
- Twitter / X: maria__violaris
- LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/maria-violaris/
- Instagram: @maria.violaris
- Substack: mariaviolaris.substack.com
- Google Scholar: scholar.google.com/citations?user=wD2Yk8kAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra
Переглядів: 390
Відео
Everettian Quantum Theory with Dr Sam Kuypers | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 3 (Enhanced Audio)
Переглядів 543День тому
(Note: this is the Enhanced Audio version of this video!) Welcome to Episode 3 of the Quantum Foundations Podcast! I interview Dr Sam Kuypers, who is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Université de Montréal. We discuss the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, also known as Everettian quantum theory, which has been the subject of Sam's research including work together with Prof. ...
Everettian Quantum Theory with Dr Sam Kuypers | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 3
Переглядів 2,1 тис.День тому
(Update: I've now released an Enhanced Audio version of this discussion here: ua-cam.com/video/kdd-tAvFdOI/v-deo.html) Welcome to Episode 3 of the Quantum Foundations Podcast! I interview Dr Sam Kuypers, who is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Université de Montréal. We discuss the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, also known as Everettian quantum theory, which has been the ...
The Theory of Causal Balance: The Maths | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 2 Pt. 2 ft. Dr Nick Ormrod
Переглядів 46814 днів тому
Welcome back to the Quantum Foundations Podcast! In the first part of this instalment, Dr Nick Ormrod explained his new interpretation of quantum theory whereby reality emerges from causal structure, aiming to provide a precise solution to the measurement problem. While Episode 2 (Part 1) was explained in general terms, here Nick explains the key aspects of the "Theory of Causal Balance" on a t...
Does quantum reality emerge from causation? | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 2 Ft. Dr Nick Ormrod
Переглядів 73928 днів тому
Welcome to Episode 2 of the Quantum Foundations Podcast! I interview Dr Nick Ormrod, who recently completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford (he was completing it at the time of recording!) and is now a post-doctoral research fellow at the Perimeter Institute in Canada. We discuss the new interpretation of quantum theory that Nick has been working on during his DPhil, with Prof. Jonathan B...
Alice and Bob: The Scientists that Don't Exist (a quantum poem)
Переглядів 1692 місяці тому
This poem is a conversation between Alice and Bob, the well-known characters from quantum thought experiments, in which they have an existential crisis as they contemplate their role in science. *Poem* “Not again!” cries Alice, as machines start to whir. Bob closes the heavy lab doors unperturbed. Another day, new experiments, for A and B to trial, “We’re advancing science!” says Bob with a smi...
Local Quantum Theory: The Maths | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 1 Pt. 2 ft. Dr Nicetu Tibau Vidal
Переглядів 1,3 тис.5 місяців тому
Welcome back to the Quantum Foundations Podcast! In the first part of this instalment, we explained why entanglement does not imply that systems are influencing each other across space. We discussed how to save local realism in quantum theory by adjusting some of the assumptions behind the famous Bell's theorem. While Episode 1 (Part 1) was explained in general terms, here we give a precise, ma...
IOP 3 Minute Wonder | Maria Violaris | Can a quantum demon reverse the direction of time?
Переглядів 2675 місяців тому
This is my performance for the Grand Final of the Institute of Physics 3-Minute-Wonder competition, which invites early career physicists to present their work in 3 minutes. I was representing the London and South East region, after winning the regional heat. The event took place in the Royal Institution's historic lecture theatre, on Wednesday 29th May 2024. I am a PhD student researching the ...
Locality in Quantum Physics Explained | Quantum Foundations Podcast Ep. 1 ft. Dr Nicetu Tibau Vidal
Переглядів 2 тис.5 місяців тому
Welcome to Episode 1 of my new Quantum Foundations podcast! I interview Dr Nicetu Tibau Vidal, a Research Fellow at the University of Hong Kong. We discuss locality in quantum physics, informed by Nicetu's PhD research at the University of Oxford and his ongoing work. *Time-stamps* 0:00 - Coming Up 1:03 - Welcome 1:14 - Introducing Nicetu 7:02 - Podcast structure 8:15 - Locality in physics 14:0...
Day in the Life of an Oxford Quantum Physicist & Quantum Computing Educator
Переглядів 6 тис.6 місяців тому
What do theoretical physicists do all day? What's it like doing a PhD at Oxford? What does being a quantum computing educator look like? I'm in the final year of my PhD at the University of Oxford, where I research the foundations of quantum information science. Alongside my PhD, I am a quantum computing educator, and I've been working part-time making content with IBM Quantum. In this video, I...
Newcomb's Paradox: A Glitch in the Admissions Process | David Deutsch 70th Birthday
Переглядів 2,5 тис.Рік тому
A short video story for David Deutsch's 70th birthday, inspired by the Short Comment "Constructor-theoretic reflections on Newcomb's paradox" from the Constructor Theory website: www.constructortheory.org/portfolio/newcomb-p/. See all the contributions to David's 70th birthday collection here: dd70th.weebly.com.
Time's arrow, entropy and Boltzmann Brains (Cheltenham Science Festival - FameLab 2022)
Переглядів 5122 роки тому
If you watch this three-minute talk: 1. Time is going to move forwards. 2. You will find out why! I performed this talk at Cheltenham Science Festival 2022, after winning the Oxford final of FameLab 2020.
Quantum on the Clock: Schools Video Competition
Переглядів 2,1 тис.2 роки тому
Quantum on the Clock is a new competition for UK and Ireland High School students in their final two years of pre-university education (A-levels or equivalent). Students are challenged to create a video about any aspect of quantum science or technology - in less than three minutes! Find out more on the competition webpage: www.quantumontheclock.com The competition is organised by the Institute ...
I just stumbled upon your video. There is another UA-cam channel on Quantum Physics that I watch every now and then. It is called - Looking Glass Universe from a Cambridge graduate.
Mam may I get ur linkedin ?
The best exposition of the MWI and the mathematical underpinnings of the Heisenberg Picture that exists anywhere online or in any text. Well done! If I can speak for some others who have engineering degrees (so basic physics and very little quantum mechanics) they want to know more about exactly how you began. The qubit is a superposition of a 0 and 1. Yes. And the formalism is getting that across. But HOW exactly does it get it across? The very first slide might need more unpacking for some it seems. But then again, you do say this is for those with an introduction to quantum mechanics under their belt. But even with it, they only get the Schrödinger picture and so never even really cover qubits unless they “cover” quantum computation. Few do.
Thanks for the comments! I’ll keep in mind making some nice background / intro materials to qubits and quantum computing, and the Heisenberg picture, in the future :)
Thanks! I was having a hard time with the prev video. Having better audio quality made a huge difference.
Awesome, great to hear that it helped! will try to catch issues like that in pre-processing rather than post- next time of course..!
this is very interesting
u r great... great contribution keep doing it, i had really enjoyed it this is very helpful
i want more video plz
great keep it up
Πολύ Ωραία !
many world goes like this, it is necessary to have the born rule to account for measurment outcomes, because the dependence on one experiment on the next, gives you information about what will happen next, and so if you just remove it and assume shrødinger evolution is all that is going on, then you actually lose predictive power in many cases, so they remove the measurment postulates, and then try to rederrive it within many worlds, which is just useless and gets you back to something equivalent to normal quantum mechanics with measurement postulates, that is supplemented by silly pictures that dont add anything.
you dont know from theory that there are superpositions, you know from experiment that superposition quantum states are different from no superposition states, and that difference can easily be accounted for by hidden variables with no reference to real superpositions of states of hidden variables, that argument is just incorrect, even incoherent.
nope, the main reason people dont like it, is because it is just an ad hock way to extend the theory and to add nothing of value. a quantum state you can prepare is an experimental setup in which you dont have everything controlled, you dont know whether there are more degrees of freedom than appears in the quantum state you use to describe it, and you end up with predictions with uncertainties in it. it is literally like giving up on explaining why a particular dice throw ended up as a 6, by stating that the distribution over all outcomes always is realized all at once in parallel. it is silly. quantum mechanics is an incomplete theory, there is no arguement left standing based on experiments that has been done that can refute hidden degrees of freedom being responsible for the uncertainties in experiments, so why would anyone buy into the idea that there are none, only every outcome happening in parallel without any actual mechanism for that happening. that is why people dont like it, it has nothing to do with it being strange, the alternatives are just better.
Watch the Enhanced Audio version of this discussion, available now here: ua-cam.com/video/kdd-tAvFdOI/v-deo.html
Sam mentioned a paper by David Wallace in which he explains magnetism using Everettian mechanics. Do you happen to have the reference?
@@everetts-cat Yes it’s called: “Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Finite Quantum Systems: a decoherent-histories approach”
Arxiv link: arxiv.org/abs/1808.09547
@@maria_violaris Thank you!
it would be nice as an ending to ask the guests about further readings or recommendations for someone who wishes to enter into the field, or to ask them what they like/dislike about their fields. great job nonetheless it was very interesting!
Not Professionally presented Dr. Nick Ormrod's Handwriting is "Illegible". Please re-do this episode telling Dr Nick Ormrod to Write Clearly in a Legible Handwriting. It will be appreciated.
An experimenter wouldn't say I measured in 0/1 and +/- basis at the same time. She would say I measured in the given basis, say H/V, and my statistics is LU equivalent to the 45° polarised photons statistics. The LU invariance of statistics does not mean you measure in the "infinite number of bases"
I love these videos! You are both so smart
Who else is here from baking the bakery??
I love this❤
I enjoyed this video. But please install a wide screen at eye level so that you can work comfortably with good posture. Otherwise, in a few years you'll be slouching all the time. Slouching restricts breathing and reduces oxygen intake, which affects mood and cognitive ability. Been there, done that.
So around 20:00, people in Newton's time, and even before? and after were trying to solve the mystery with that removing the sun would instantly make Earth stop rotating around the sun. I wonder, how did they know this? Are there any kind of experiments that can show it?
HI! Thanks for doing this! At 4:55 Dr Vidal mentions Minute Physics, and the auto caption wrote it as minor physics. Which made it a bit harder to find the link in the description. So putting it here for others to find quickly: ua-cam.com/users/minutephysics
Nice poem amd performance, Maria! 👍👏
More day in the life please
women in science lol
Your journey as a physicist at Oxford, balancing quantum research with education at IBM Quantum, sounds incredibly inspiring! It's fascinating to get a glimpse into what your day looks like. Can't wait to see the insights and experiences you share-definitely a peek into the future of quantum computing!
Why don't you start teaching basics of Quantum computing, it would be amazing if you do so ,at first you can tell the viewers to learn the Mathematics whatever will be required for starting basics of QC (like linear algebra and complex numbers as a prerequisite) and python and then your role come into the picture ☺️☺️
@@ayenpatel3738 Thanks for the suggestions, will keep it in mind for future content! In the meantime I recommend the very nice video introductions to quantum information and quantum computing on UA-cam from Artur Ekert (on his UA-cam channel) and John Watrous (on the Qiskit UA-cam channel)
@@maria_violaris Thanks Maria , but if I have two options with which option I should go 1st or 2nd ? Who starts from most basics ?
We need more videos about quantum
Energy travels at the speed of light (or less). When at the speed of light, it’s always represented by transverse waves. (EM and GR, etc). QM entanglement doesn’t transmit energy. But nature uses it to send information (privately to us), at speeds >> c. This may be because QM uses longitudinal oscillations in some sub - quantum substrate.
Please see Maudlin, “What Bell did” (arXiv). Bells position is clear.
0:57, the middle guy, second row, right below the intersection of the heart shape curve of the photo. His face looks half greyish, if I am wrong, I meant no offence to the guy, sorry :( Btw, hi from Singapore, studying CS here in Uni, currently doing my bachelors, searched up day in the life of physics student cause it always intrigues me to see how you guys work. Came across your channel, great content, keep it up :)
Glad you like the content!
Balliol looks like Hogwarts omg.......
It does! Though Christ Church college and New College are the real Hogwarts filming locations :D
LMAO Academia is a complete joke nowadays.
What?
I am wondering how much it costs per year to study for a PhD at Oxford
Can you please share what you're writing on? I noticed it while you were reviewing the arXiv papers.
The tablet I was writing on is a Remarkable 2!
Best ❤
Important Information
Yay I love seeing other women in physics :)
Same, great to see you here!
Ohh this is amazing
Quantum means "magic", and has nothing common with science.
Hello May I get suggested some book on quantum entanglement so that it explains mathematically everything? 37:19
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang
It's David isn't it? (Photoshop) 😂
Nice deduction ;)
OMG, I loved it, thank you so much for sharing this, Oxford is indeed beautiful 😍
Glad you liked it!
very Nice
Wow Very Nice
“Considering the non-local correlations observed in quantum entanglement, could there be a deeper underlying principle of the universe that we’re yet to understand, which allows for such phenomena without violating the speed of light constraint?”
In this podcast we explain how, contrary to common explanations of entanglement, standard quantum theory can be formulated in an entirely local way, where absolutely no influences travel faster than light (without adding further principles or modifying the laws). While the correlations observed in entanglement are stronger than those possible with classical physics, they don’t necessarily imply any non-local influences, depending on what assumptions you make about physical reality. :)
@@maria_violaris Standard QM already is formulated in an entirely local way as e.g. RF Werner has pointed out (in doi:10.1088/1751-8113/47/42/424011 ). Naive "realism" - Werner rightly calls it "classicality" in that article - is the assumption that it's natural and usual (or maybe used to be usual) for physicists to sometimes reluctantly abandon. And why there is still reluctance and people wanting to try to restore "local realism" (that "very specific locality condition invented as a constraint on hidden variable theories" as Landsman says in the Classical Models of QM chapter of his foundations book) - or to restore classicality in some other way - is a mystery to me. QM, understood as the correct* (and rather beautiful) probabilistic mechanics, together with its natural interpretation (Jeff Bub has described it) isn't satisfactory?! It's bizarre! No-one ever complains about our conceptually and mathematically more sophisticated modern understanding of spacetime and yearns for a restoration of the good ol' Newtonian ideas. * i.e. using the (algebraic) generalisation of probability that can accommodate incompatible (noncommuting) observables.
bro this is insane
This is kinda dum how am i not in this group and she is
lmao what do you mean?
u r doing so awesome work! enjoy ur work and life
Thanks!
hey im a junior in high school rn and i gotta say your vlogs are def inspiring. im actually gonna start a research internship at a uni near me with smth related to quantum gates and whatnot using qiskit!
Glad you like the video! The research internship sounds great, hope you have fun!