KOI BREEDING is not a PASSION it is an ADDICTION!
KOI BREEDING is not a PASSION it is an ADDICTION!
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Відео

The Success Story of Murujyu Female Spawning on May 10, 2024
Переглядів 780Місяць тому
An in depth look at the successful spawning setup and successful raising of the koi fry. This is a long video about Koi Breeding it is about educating you rather than entertaining so be prepared for some interesting facts about koi breeding. Please feel free to ask any questions in the comments below.. 0:00 5 week fry update starts at 9:50 0:00 Intro 0:24 The Egg 1:30 Larva stage 2:40 Daphnia F...
Successfully Spawning and Growing Dainichi Female Spawning 30 May 2024
Переглядів 5542 місяці тому
Dainichi Female Spawning 30 May 2024 with Momotaro males and omosko male, Bebunking a myth! Showa and Utsuri black based Koi and Sanke and Bekko are white based Koi? Nonesense! Shprt guide on Diainichi sumi development.
The Success Story of Murujyu Female Spawning on May 10, 2024
Переглядів 8452 місяці тому
An in depth look at the successful spawning setup and successful raising of the koi fry. This is a long video about Koi Breeding it is about educating you rather than entertaining so be prepared for some interesting facts about koi breeding. Please feel free to ask any questions in the comments below. 0:00 Intro 0:24 The Egg 1:30 Larva stage 2:40 Daphnia, Feeding Fry 4:43 Pond set up 5:43 Selec...
Dainichi Female Spawning 30 May 2024
Переглядів 1802 місяці тому
Dainichi Showa female spawning with Momotaro males and Omosako Male
Koi Breeding or Spawning nets by Norfine Nets
Переглядів 1302 місяці тому
Were do you get your spawning nets from? norfinenets.co.uk/ info@norfinenets.co.uk Phone is 07378 103 743
Brine shrimp Ziss Duo Hatchery
Переглядів 602 місяці тому
This is my system of raising brine shrimp in two Ziss 2 litre hatchery they are harvest 24 hours later at 28C
Shocking Pond Emergency: All Koi Evacuated! (Massive Momotaro koi Growth)
Переглядів 2525 місяців тому
Shocking Pond Emergency: All Koi Evacuated! (Massive Momotaro koi Growth)
Cheap Koi food verses Good Koi Food, Problems with cheap koi food V Benefits of Good Koi Food
Переглядів 2125 місяців тому
Cheap Koi food verses Good Koi Food, Problems with cheap koi food V Benefits of Good Koi Food
Turn your Koi Breeding Problems into Koi Breeding Success!
Переглядів 3,3 тис.5 місяців тому
Turn your Koi Breeding Problems into Koi Breeding Success!
Parasites and YouTube Rant! Koi Breeding, What parasite and how to treat for ?
Переглядів 6755 місяців тому
Parasites and UA-cam Rant! Koi Breeding, What parasite and how to treat for ?
Key Facts for heating Young Koi for growth!
Переглядів 5215 місяців тому
Key Facts for heating Young Koi for growth!
Koi Breeding Timeline. Do you know what do when?
Переглядів 4926 місяців тому
Koi Breeding Timeline. Do you know what do when?
Roof Light Wham Bam box, Feb 24 Part 1
Переглядів 676 місяців тому
Roof Light Wham Bam box, Feb 24 Part 1
Mystery of Gin Rin Shiro Spawning to Adorable 9 month old Fry: Koi Breeding from eggs to Fry
Переглядів 4936 місяців тому
Mystery of Gin Rin Shiro Spawning to Adorable 9 month old Fry: Koi Breeding from eggs to Fry
Mind-Blowing Koi Transformation: From 30cm to 64cm in 7 Months! Points to look for in koi for jumbo
Переглядів 1296 місяців тому
Mind-Blowing Koi Transformation: From 30cm to 64cm in 7 Months! Points to look for in koi for jumbo
Sorting koi fry at 6 months old.
Переглядів 926 місяців тому
Sorting koi fry at 6 months old.
Growing fast ruins koi! Exposing Koi Myths,
Переглядів 1016 місяців тому
Growing fast ruins koi! Exposing Koi Myths,
Discover the Hidden Key to Thriving Koi: Water Temperature Secrets
Переглядів 1486 місяців тому
Discover the Hidden Key to Thriving Koi: Water Temperature Secrets
The Surprising Truth About Short Pectoral Fins: What You Need to Know #shorts
Переглядів 476 місяців тому
The Surprising Truth About Short Pectoral Fins: What You Need to Know #shorts
Growing Pains 2 Upgrading my koi filter system!
Переглядів 806 місяців тому
Growing Pains 2 Upgrading my koi filter system!
Sorting out 6 month old fry Goshiki Showa
Переглядів 426 місяців тому
Sorting out 6 month old fry Goshiki Showa
How much water per koi?
Переглядів 406 місяців тому
How much water per koi?
10 Easy steps to Koi Breeding 10 Step Beginners Guide
Переглядів 5156 місяців тому
10 Easy steps to Koi Breeding 10 Step Beginners Guide
Decoding Koi's Pectoral Fins: Hidden Secrets Revealed
Переглядів 486 місяців тому
Decoding Koi's Pectoral Fins: Hidden Secrets Revealed
Why I Heat Tosai, the truth revealed.
Переглядів 1576 місяців тому
Why I Heat Tosai, the truth revealed.
3 DIY Showers Filters for Koi Ponds
Переглядів 1926 місяців тому
3 DIY Showers Filters for Koi Ponds
Koi breeding from spawning to egg to 6 month old Showa tosai v2
Переглядів 3556 місяців тому
Koi breeding from spawning to egg to 6 month old Showa tosai v2
Secrets of Setting up a Koi Breeding a Spawning Pool
Переглядів 2306 місяців тому
Secrets of Setting up a Koi Breeding a Spawning Pool
Unlocking the Secrets of Koi Fish Colors, Koi colour a basic understanding
Переглядів 2496 місяців тому
Unlocking the Secrets of Koi Fish Colors, Koi colour a basic understanding

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @LeiLap-p3t
    @LeiLap-p3t 25 днів тому

    Do you sell this?

  • @Koi-addict33
    @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

    Do you sell in uk ?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding Місяць тому

      Not unless you can pick up! As an account with APC they expect 1000 boxes a month!

    • @Koi-addict33
      @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

      @@koibreeding what part of UK mate ?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding Місяць тому

      @@Koi-addict33 As far south as you can get oppsite IOW near Portsmouth

    • @Koi-addict33
      @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

      @@koibreeding I'll have to look into if they is a courier I can organise, what do you have available ?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding Місяць тому

      @@Koi-addict33 Sorry mate I replied but must have forgot to reply DOH!!! I will only have Gin shiro spawning as only a keen hobbyist so I remove culls ASP!

  • @Koi-addict33
    @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

    Looking good mate

  • @Koi-addict33
    @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

    Quality parents be very intersting to see the fry quality and what types kick out, as with nnd koi they are a gentetic soup when bred

  • @Koi-addict33
    @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

    Went very well it appears 👍🏻

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding Місяць тому

      Many Thanks for comment. I will keep you informed. Are we ever going to get a summer?

    • @Koi-addict33
      @Koi-addict33 Місяць тому

      @@koibreeding i know it not been very clever this year , I'm in a polytunnel though so been keeping pretty good temps

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding Місяць тому

      @@Koi-addict33 Sound good to me!

  • @Koi-addict33
    @Koi-addict33 2 місяці тому

    Keep up the content mate 👍🏻 what part of the world are you in UK ?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 2 місяці тому

      Cheers mate I am on the Costa del Solent!! as far south as you can get on the mainland!

    • @Koi-addict33
      @Koi-addict33 2 місяці тому

      @@koibreeding im in east Yorkshire mate I've had one spawning this year they doing well so far , from two males and one female pairing , all three from nnd

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 2 місяці тому

      @@Koi-addict33 There's a Facebook group koi breeding you can post videos etc

  • @carolinejanet8828
    @carolinejanet8828 2 місяці тому

    thanks for the video! will look forward to further development of the fries😊

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 2 місяці тому

      Many Thanks for the comment, The Dainichi bloodline the sumi is slow to develop and can take 4 or 6 years to fully develop. So a koi with loads of well developed sumi at Tosai will nearly be all black by yonsai! So it is a bit of a guessing game. I will have to do a video!

  • @Koi-addict33
    @Koi-addict33 2 місяці тому

    I subbed and look forward to more 👍🏻

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 2 місяці тому

      Many Thanks for subscribing very much appreciated. Please feel free to ask any questions in the comments? Hopefully I may know the answer but not always!

  • @Lifebydeath
    @Lifebydeath 2 місяці тому

    Expecting fry to show colors of the genotype they come from through phenotype expression is a joke😂😂😂

  • @shiranfernandowarnakulasur4503
    @shiranfernandowarnakulasur4503 2 місяці тому

    Good job 👍👍💗💗

  • @BlackCountryKoi
    @BlackCountryKoi 2 місяці тому

    Fantastic news Richard , well done buddy 👌🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 2 місяці тому

      cheers Mate Very Much appreciated!

  • @BlackCountryKoi
    @BlackCountryKoi 4 місяці тому

    Dont know weather to say congratulations or comisorations 😂 either way it will be intresting to see the fry develop 👌🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

  • @atsuminaoki9910
    @atsuminaoki9910 4 місяці тому

    As I have pointed out elsewhere, isn't it a little too early for spawning? Are the eggs mature enough?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 4 місяці тому

      Normally yes, you are quite correct, in my main pond I normally see the waterlilies out before they will spawn mid summer. But these Koi are last years Tosai at 30cm and are now 64cm and 54cm and have been over wintered in a headed pond indoor pond in the shed. This is what makes all the difference. If you checkout the channel you will see I am a great advocate for heating tosai. Regarding your question "are the eggs mature enough?" The female will only spawn when she thinks there is a high survival rate for her fry. So yes is the answer but if they were in an unheated pond the answer would be different!

    • @atsuminaoki9910
      @atsuminaoki9910 4 місяці тому

      @@koibreeding I see, it matures faster if it is heated.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 4 місяці тому

      ​@@atsuminaoki9910 Basically yes because they have good food and warm water good growth and good development which means good eggs!

  • @shaunleonard8146
    @shaunleonard8146 4 місяці тому

    Hi Mate. will be looking forward to the out come

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 4 місяці тому

      Yes Mate I will be interested to see the results!!! Watch this space!

  • @BlackCountryKoi
    @BlackCountryKoi 5 місяців тому

    Some absolutly stunng stock there Richard 👌🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Many Thanks they have certainly grown well!

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 5 місяців тому

    OMG ! 😯 The size of those , you are definitely doing something very right there Richard !!!

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      I try and the wife is always backing me up by saying how trying I am!!!!

    • @IcenI_Koi
      @IcenI_Koi 5 місяців тому

      🤣🤣🤣@@koibreeding

  • @shaunleonard8146
    @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

    Hi/ There some good growth there. That 50cm Dainichi Koi is Beautiful. Have you had them on Hikari Growth?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Yes and colour but polycarbonate roof in shed does not help beni. I think UV light is more important than we think, the colour food needs UV light to improve beni. I also have 2full spectrum lights.

    • @shaunleonard8146
      @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

      Yeah! Ricky, from Koi wholesale is going to be trialing some new led lights. That wiling be interesting.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Yes it is one to keep an eye out for!@@shaunleonard8146

  • @ebikehacker
    @ebikehacker 5 місяців тому

    Water is not very clean. Hows your filtration system going

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Good shout! But I adde some clay the night before so it may be that or just wishful thinking! The filters are coping well for the amount of koi in there and size of koi! But you can always do better! Filter system is really two systems, One from bottom of pond to ultra sieve 3 to shower1000X500X150mm 3 tier and splash return. I place a filter mat in sieve and replace it every day. Other system is pumped mid water to tempest to shower and splash return. 750 gallons I would like a bigger grow on but where to put it?

  • @shaunleonard8146
    @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

    Hi/ Nice update, Thank you. They've got some volume on them.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Thanks for the comment. they have all done very well. Cheers

  • @getintothewildwithjeffruma8777
    @getintothewildwithjeffruma8777 5 місяців тому

    Very cool video👍

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Thank you! Cheers! Glad you enjoyed it.

  • @theressomethingkoiaboutme4563
    @theressomethingkoiaboutme4563 5 місяців тому

    Good content bud.

  • @andrewbradshaw1750
    @andrewbradshaw1750 5 місяців тому

    Great video mate 👍

  • @andrewbradshaw1750
    @andrewbradshaw1750 5 місяців тому

    Hi mate how do I get one of your books can you send me details please Andy

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Hi Andy, Email me @ koibreeding@outlook.com Thanks for interest in Koi Breeding book for Hobbyists, I have written a 25 page plus book on Koi Breeding for the Hobbyist. To try and place all the information and tips in one place. To make it accessible to everyone worldwide, I have written it as a PDF file so anyone with a computer can buy it, read it and if they wish print it off. This means it is readily available without shipping or packaging costs and the delays associate with shipping and customs. Priced at just £10.00 British Pounds To buy, email me at koibreeding@outlook.com with your email address and I will PayPal invoice you £10.00 to pay through PayPal, once the invoice is paid, I will forward a PDF file for you to print off and enjoy for your personal use! Any questions just messenger me.

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 5 місяців тому

    Very thorough Richard, thanks for sharing.

  • @shaunleonard8146
    @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

    Thank you.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      You're welcome!thank you for your ki d words.. It was very much appreciated.

    • @shaunleonard8146
      @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

      Can I please ask, what food you feed in the cold and warmer months? Thank you

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Yes you can! I use Saki balance in main pond which is about 10C at moment but only a cup a day for a lot of koi.@@shaunleonard8146

    • @shaunleonard8146
      @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

      Thank you.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Your welcome happy koi keeping in 2024@@shaunleonard8146

  • @zhengyangwu8289
    @zhengyangwu8289 5 місяців тому

    Impressive, 30 cm within 6 months. And these small koi are stunning. You are at a level of professionals.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Thank you for your kind words very much appreciated!

  • @shaunleonard8146
    @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

    Loved that Thank you,

  • @abhayaostad3742
    @abhayaostad3742 5 місяців тому

    Can we have to feed kois in during breeding tank..?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Thank you good question, You can but it will pollute the water and it will distract them from the task of spawning. It is better to fast them for three days before a spawning a to keep water cleaner and to sharpen there desire to spawn.

  • @ColossalKoi
    @ColossalKoi 5 місяців тому

    ❤Awsome… very educational… thank u

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Many thanks, How are things in USA spawning wise?

  • @shaunleonard8146
    @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

    Hi Mate, good content, can you do some content on food? Thank you

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Good Idea I am working on a couple of videos at mo but will add it to my to List! Good Call

    • @shaunleonard8146
      @shaunleonard8146 5 місяців тому

      Thank you

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Your Welcome@@shaunleonard8146

    • @dancrawford2690
      @dancrawford2690 5 місяців тому

      I personally have a microscope and check my water parameters at least twice a week and ph every day as I've got a electronic meter, however my neighbour who has had a pond for over 40 years has never tested or treated, and I must say his fish are stunning and feed well,,I'm not defending his way of doing things,but it is very interesting

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Personally I cannot see anyone in the hobby who keeps koi for 40 years and has never had a problem! We all have problems and need to treat at some point I treat less that I did as my koi keeping skill have improved over the years! Keep doing what works for you! @@dancrawford2690

  • @ColossalKoi
    @ColossalKoi 5 місяців тому

    Thanks for such educational information ❤

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Many Thanks I hoped you hit the like button!

  • @FARMOORKOI
    @FARMOORKOI 5 місяців тому

    Good rant, who are these plonkers who think it is not nesessary to treat Koi or Koi ponds, they should not be keeping any fish, and why do they not learn from their loses, because they would be lying if they said they had none, very best wishes to you, Tony, Farmoor Koi.😀

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Totally agree but I can't help but think of all the koi suffering because of there ignorant advice and pond keepers struggling as a result.

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 5 місяців тому

    Agree Richard, there are plenty of parasites on UA-cam.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Excellent I love that comment!

  • @giobelkoicenter
    @giobelkoicenter 5 місяців тому

    beatiful koi fish bro, but I think it's better if you will not cross breed them, you will have a hard time culling if you cross breed

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 5 місяців тому

      Many Thanks for comment. Point noted

    • @kevinhill9338
      @kevinhill9338 3 місяці тому

      Hi I would like to no more about breeding my koi I have koi quite afew years but never had time as I worked away from home so never really had time now iv finished work I'd love to try and have a go thanks

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 3 місяці тому

      ​@@kevinhill9338 I would look at some of my videos and Cuttle Brooke koiFarm have has some great articles on koi breeding. My advice would be have a go and only keep 300 fry in 300 gallons which is crazy but they will soon grow so you need big filters to cope with growing koi or vast mud pond or lakes to rear them. Good luck

  • @colrobbo2821
    @colrobbo2821 6 місяців тому

    A up mate! came over via davey subbed good luck fella 👍

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

      Cheers mate feel free to like and share and any comment good or bad welcome!

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 6 місяців тому

    Very nice Richard, thanks for sharing.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

      Many Thanks I Try, and according to the wife I am very Trying!

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 6 місяців тому

    Very nice Sir 👍

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

      Many thanks very much appreciated!

  • @GreymsView-ix8yi
    @GreymsView-ix8yi 6 місяців тому

    A great video my friend - Really enjoyed it. I subscribed.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

      Many Thanks very much appreciated! Any subject on koi keeping you would like covered?

  • @koibreeding
    @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

    Full Video ua-cam.com/video/lh_-VFqLTU8/v-deo.html

  • @cuongnguyen-ys4ud
    @cuongnguyen-ys4ud 6 місяців тому

    Very nice

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

      Many thanks much appreciated

  • @atsuminaoki9910
    @atsuminaoki9910 6 місяців тому

    Another important thing to add is to ensure uniformity in eating behaviour. This means that you can keep quite a lot of them in the same size, age and variety.

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

      Many Thanks for the comment I would have agreed with you a few months ago. now I am not so sure? Why? Well it is because I can see the smaller koi growing well? I will have to measure them and we can compare growth? I also think that one female tends to dominate the rest like the Momotaro Gin Rin, has grow the biggest but is also the friendliest. Now if I had a tank full of Momotaro Gin Rin would they all be the same size? I think one would always rise up to be bigger than the rest? It would be interesting to see tanks of all one variety and size if there was a stand out koi?

  • @koibreeding
    @koibreeding 6 місяців тому

    Your very welcome.

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 6 місяців тому

    Shared that thanks, Richard.

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 7 місяців тому

    Sound advice Richard 👍

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 7 місяців тому

      Cheers Many thanks I try! and this has been confirmed by the wife who is always saying "how trying I am!"

    • @IcenI_Koi
      @IcenI_Koi 6 місяців тому

      🤣🤣🤣@@koibreeding

  • @atsuminaoki9910
    @atsuminaoki9910 7 місяців тому

    Isn't the real purpose of JUMBO TOSAI to bring forward the sex identification by a year?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 7 місяців тому

      Good question, I don’t think the Japanese breeders have a problem with sex identification I believe they could get the sex right 85% To 90% of the time. As they know there bloodlines and there growing traits inside out. I think it is more of a sales pitch the bigger koi command bigger prices. If your a jumbo breeder you will grow your koi anyway so you can pick the best to keep for koi shows in Japan. The rejects are then sold off as Tateshita which a koi becomes when the breeder decides to sell it and it is no longer tategoi. So it makes economic sense to call them Jumbo Tosai and sell them at a Jumbo Prices in comparison to the rest of the smaller koi sold.

  • @IcenI_Koi
    @IcenI_Koi 7 місяців тому

  • @haiphongkoi
    @haiphongkoi 7 місяців тому

    Can you tell me, when the fish have finished spawning, do you change the water and disinfect the water? How long does it take for fish to hatch?

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 7 місяців тому

      Good Question! Good morning, once the koi finish spawning I remove the males and leave the female for 40 mins to an hour to rest and recuperate. I then leave the eggs to harden off for an hour before disinfecting them after an over night If I am going to use the spawning pond as a fry pond i do several water changes to ensure water is good for fry. But once the egg have been disinfected overnight you could simply remove them to a pond with clean water at the same temperature. At 23c thhe eggs hatch in 3 to 5 days warmer the water the quicker they hatch. You can see fertilize egg after a day or so as you see two faint dots which are the eye! after another day the eyes darken. If you look for foam on surface of pond you will find hatching fry.

    • @haiphongkoi
      @haiphongkoi 7 місяців тому

      @@koibreeding Thank you for the answer, I think I have a passion and more than that an addiction to fish. I tried to breed many times and failed. When the fish finished spawning, I disinfected the water source. How many eggs does this usually produce each time? I see that some of you have spawned fish into very good fish frames and very big fish tails

    • @koibreeding
      @koibreeding 7 місяців тому

      If the koi are immature the males may well chase a female but if she is immature she will not have the eggs to lay!Or does not feel the conditions are right,she will not lay her eggs. If they have spawned and there is foam and eggs on brushes? The eggs are bullet proof but the fry are not! So the water will be full of crap from spawning the eggs will happily hatch but the fry will die in the crappy water! Fry are very delicate after all they are a newly born just like babies they need a lot of care. So fresh clean water is a must with out chemicals! 1 Kilo koi produces 100,000 eggs so 30% fertilization would be 30,000 fry My parents are all Japanese bred koi. I am interest in the Big Fish Tails comment. I do have some koi from top Jumbo Koi Breeders of Japan but not first class examples that is out of my price range just what suites me!@@haiphongkoi

  • @koibreeding
    @koibreeding 7 місяців тому

    So how many thing did you learn about pectoral fins? Please comment below!