"Abstract: As cities increasingly contend with water quality and quantity challenges exacerbated by the changes in weather patterns and extreme events resulting from climate change, urban planners, designers, policymakers, and environmental managers require information and tools that address these emerging concerns. Nature-based solutions (NBS) such as constructed or restored wetlands, forests, and bivalve (e.g., mussel) reefs have been increasing implemented in urban areas to provide ecosystem services (flood mitigation, improved water quality, social benefits) and increase ecosystem resilience to extreme weather (e.g., extreme precipitation, heat waves). However, these NBS have varying potential for providing significant benefit and can also render disservices, or harms. I will discuss the various empirical datasets and models I have used to examine the nature, extent, and balance of tradeoffs among services and disservices provided by NBS in urban watersheds in the northeastern and southwestern US. These studies have demonstrated that despite ecological degradation and pollution, both designed and “accidental” NBS demonstrate significant capacity for supporting and regulating ecosystem services (habitat provision, nutrient removal, carbon storage) and cultural ecosystem services (sense of place, spiritual practice) in cities. However, the scope of benefit, beneficiaries, and tradeoffs associated with these services are highly dependent on both biophysical (e.g., pollution inputs) and social (e.g., socioeconomic characteristics of stakeholders) factors. My current and future work focuses on further exploring these biophysical and social contexts, as well as the role of NBS design and management, to more fully define the role and impact of NBS in cities."