José Rizal (1861-1896) was a Filipino nationalist, reformist, and the foremost advocate for peaceful reform during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Born in Calamba, Laguna, he excelled academically and studied in Manila and Europe, earning degrees in medicine and philosophy.
His works, including the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, exposed social injustices and inspired the Filipino people's fight for independence. Rizal's writings also covered diverse topics, from education and civic rights to Filipino culture, which are compiled in Lega Filipiniana.
Rizal opposed the oppressive Spanish system, including the poll tax (cedula personal), and advocated for peaceful reforms. His life ended in martyrdom when he was executed in Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park) on December 30, 1896, solidifying his legacy as a national hero.
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