Відео

It's not too hard. The only thing that risks infection is browsing and email. I use gmail in my browser and I browse safely (i.e. only go to sites I know). I use a virtual machine for unsafe browsing.

@@8BitRetroJournal Can you use the current versions of, say, Firefox on an older OS? I'm primarily concerned with keeping my online banking and online purchases secure. By the way, my favorite OS was Windows Vista. Aside from the early driver issues (of which I had none) it was an awesome OS. Thanks. Regards.

Oh cool. I find the saving of programs in EightyOne sometimes infuriating. Not sure why it has to be that complicated.

@@8BitRetroJournal Saving as wav file, yes it's more effort, .p very easy Using File, Save Tape. You can can also load .tzx using drag and drop.

@@larrylorenson7517 The .p is easy once you remember how to do it, but I'm always lost on figuring out how to do it until I remember you have to pick one choice under output, etc. It's not just as straight forward as always being able to save a .p file.

Interesting...microdrives are digital but obviously storing it on a tape is analog. There are folks that created the microdrive-to-SD interface that have studied that signal. They'd be better to ask about it.

I don't tend to use it...keys are better. But on QL, all the joystick does is repeat the arrow key and spacebar anyway. I fell that using the keys and spacebar is very similar to a modern track pad or more like the thinkpad track point.

Holy cow, 30%. I've had better luck with mine. I think I have Samsung made drives, which did better. Did Samsung also make later cartridges?

I don't know why he would have skipped them. What unreleased prototypes of Commodore did he skip?

@@8BitRetroJournal Well you mean except C65, but that one was released as a prototype. I dont know really, but there have to be some. I never heard of any of others either, but it seems that all companies did have some.

That first dragon you see is a dragon profession , twin floppy disk drives, trying , 68032 processors, and distributed with OS9 operating system but conceived to be fully backward compatible with the earlier Dragon 32 and 64

This has been a thoroughly researched topic on the internet...I use the Van Kluhm method of framing which says the complete opposite of that.

I actually do and it doesn't 😕The Exec kernel was a bit of a mess and other platforms in the mid 80s did a much better job implementing preemptive multitasking..

@@8BitRetroJournal which ones?

@@zo1dberg Don't get me wrong, I'm a big fan of the Amiga Exec kernel (see May 22, 2024), but just at the process scheduling part, QDOS does much better (see April 1, 2024). Then there is the stability of the kernel, where the Exec just crashes if the machine runs out of memory or freezes up with a simple infinite loop (see both August 16 and 21, 2020), whereas QDOS runs much more stable in those instances. So that's just some comparison between Exec and QDOS. I'm slowly starting to dig into other preemptive kernels in the mid 80s...presently looking at MS-DOS 4.0, which isn't so good, and have looked at Concurrent DOS, which was interesting.

​@@8BitRetroJournalI only just learned that qdos had pre-emptive multi-tasking. But given that machine wasn't well known, the Amiga was the only popular machine that could do it, aside from Unix based machines, which only large businesses could afford. This was true through to the 90s as well, until Windows 95 had it for 32bit applications, and Windows NT. And, of course, Linux. MSDOS didn't have any multitasking let alone pre-emptive. All you had d TSRs, but that's about it. Everything else at the time was cooperative multitasking.

@@zo1dberg The QL was only known in the 80s...in fact Amiga had a strategy meeting about it at one point before they released the Amiga 1000. Personally, I'm only looking at the 80s for these systems since things become a bit moot in the 90s as the Mac and PC persevere and battle it out until this day for who had the best platform...of course the PC won.😕 I will be looking at a 1985 version of MS-DOS that sports a preemptive multitasking kernel according to documentation. It was dumped for OS/2 but released in Europe. Video will be coming out in December for this year's #DOScember, so stay tuned for that. Obviously, there's OS/2, which I should dig into as well. I already looked at Concurrent DOS (December 9, 2023), by Digital Research, which was a multitasking DOS that was pretty interesting.

Ha, that's funny. I'll have to tell my wife...we actually do a lot of outdoor climbing, though not mountaineering, which is what I'd call all that death defying Everest stuff.

I explain this in a 5 minute July 2, 2022 video. Watch it and you'll understand.

Wow, that's so cool.

@@8BitRetroJournal Thanks for the reply and having such a great channel 👍

There are a bunch of different FORTH for the QL. If you go on the QLForum and on top there is a QL Homepage link that gets you to Dilwyn's software page with all the public domain software (which is huge). Under Software Downloads there is a link for Languages and there you'll find them all. I'd put the link here but UA-cam removes comments with links.

It even has a German BASIC only FORTH: 100 REMark BASED ON AN ARTIKEL IN DR. DOBB'S JOURNAL OCT. 1981 PAGE 12 110 REMark Adapted to QL Rainer W. Gerling 1985,1986 120 DEFine FuNction POP 130 N=N-1: STACK(N):RETurn S(N+1) 140 END DEFine 150 DEFine PROCedure PUSH(X) 160 N=N+1:S(N)=X 165 STACK(N) 170 END DEFine 180 DEFine FuNction SGN(X) 190 IF X=0:RETurn 0:ELSE IF X>0:RETurn X:ELSE RETurn -X 200 END DEFine 210 DEFine PROCedure STACK(N) 215 AT#4,0,0 220 IF N<21 THEN 230 FOR I=1 TO N:PRINT#4,S(I) 240 FOR I=N+1 TO 20:PRINT#4," " 250 ELSE 260 FOR I=N-20 TO N:PRINT#4,S(I) 270 END IF 280 END DEFine 1000 INIT 1010 info 1020 DIM S(80),R(80),L(80),LO(80) 1030 LET D=3:DIM C$(80,40),D$(80,40) 1040 GO SUB 1390 1050 CLS 1090 M=0 1100 N=0 1110 K=1 1120 INPUT I$ 1130 I$=I$&" " 1140 L1=0 1150 L(K)=L1 1160 LO(K)=LEN(I$) 1170 L1=LO(K) 1180 IF N<0:PRINT "DER STACK IST LEER!":GO TO 1090 1220 L(K)=L(K)+1 1230 IF L(K)>LO(K) THEN GO TO 1330 1240 B$=I$(L(K)) 1250 IF B$=" " THEN GO TO 1220 1260 A$=B$ 1270 L(K)=L(K)+1 1280 B$=I$(L(K)) 1290 IF B$=" " THEN GO TO 1320 1300 A$=A$&B$ 1310 GO TO 1270 1320 GO TO 1380 1330 IF K<2 THEN GO TO 1110 1340 K=K-1 1350 I$=I$(1 TO LO(K)) 1360 L1=LO(K) 1370 GO TO 1220 1380 GO TO 1460 1390 D$(1)="SQUARE" 1400 C$(1)="DUP *" 1410 D$(2)="CUBE" 1420 C$(2)="DUP SQUARE *" 1430 D$(3)="TEST" 1440 C$(3)="DO PI 10 / R@ * SIN . LOOP" 1450 RETurn 1460 FOR I=1 TO D 1470 IF A$=D$(I) THEN I$=I$&C$(I)&" ":K=K+1:GO TO 1150 1480 NEXT I 1490 IF A$="+" THEN h=POP:PUSH POP+h:GO TO 1180 1500 IF A$="-":h=POP:PUSH POP-h:GO TO 1180 1510 IF A$="*":PUSH POP*POP:GO TO 1180 1520 IF A$="/":h=POP:PUSH POP/h:GO TO 1180 1530 IF A$=="ABS":PUSH ABS(POP):GO TO 1180 1540 IF A$=="ATN":PUSH ATN(POP):GO TO 1180 1550 IF A$=="COS":PUSH COS(POP):GO TO 1180 1560 IF A$=="EXP":PUSH EXP(POP):GO TO 1180 1570 IF A$=="INT":PUSH INT(POP):GO TO 1180 1580 IF A$=="LOG":PUSH LOG(POP):GO TO 1180 1590 IF A$=="MOD":PUSH POP MOD POP:GO TO 1180 1600 IF A$=="RND":PUSH RND:GO TO 1180 1610 IF A$=="SGN":PUSH SGN(POP):GO TO 1180 1620 IF A$=="SIN":PUSH SIN(POP):GO TO 1180 1630 IF A$=="SQR":PUSH SQR(POP):GO TO 1180 1640 IF A$=="TAN":PUSH TAN(POP):GO TO 1180 1650 IF A$="^":h=POP:PUSH POP^h:GO TO 1180 1660 IF A$=="S?" THEN FOR I=1 TO N:PRINT S(I):NEXT I:GO TO 1180 1670 IF A$=".":PRINT POP:GO TO 1180 1700 IF A$=="DUP":h=POP:PUSH h:PUSH h:GO TO 1180 1710 IF A$=="DROP":POP:GO TO 1180 1720 IF A$=="SWAP" THEN h1=POP:h2=POP:PUSH h1:PUSH h2:GO TO 1180 1730 IF A$=="OVER" THEN N=N+1:S(N)=S(N-2):GO TO 1180 1740 IF A$==">R" THEN M=M+1:R(M)=S(N):N=N-1:GO TO 1180 1750 IF A$=="R>" THEN GO TO 1760:N=N+1:S(N)=R(M):M=M-1:GO TO 1180 1760 IF A$=="R@" THEN N=N+1:S(N)=R(M):GO TO 1180 1770 IF A$<>"=" THEN GO TO 1810 1780 N=N-1:IF S(N)=S(N+1) THEN GO TO 1800 1790 S(N)=0:GO TO 1180 1800 S(N)=1:GO TO 1180 1810 IF A$<>">" THEN GO TO 1850 1820 N=N-1:IF S(N)>S(N+1) THEN GO TO 1840 1830 S(N)=0:GO TO 1180 1840 S(N)=1:GO TO 1180 1850 IF A$<>"<" THEN GO TO 1890 1860 N=N-1:IF S(N)<S(N+1) THEN GO TO 1880 1870 S(N)=0:GO TO 1180 1880 S(N)=1:GO TO 1180 1890 IF A$<>"IF" THEN GO TO 1960 1900 N=N-1:IF S(N+1) THEN GO TO 1180 1910 FOR I=L(K) TO LO(K)-3:B$=I$(I,I+3):IF B$="ELSE" THEN GO TO 1940 1920 IF B$="THEN" THEN GO TO 1940 1930 NEXT I:PRINT "IF?":GO TO 1090 1940 L(K)=I+4:GO TO 1180 1950 GO TO 1180 1960 IF A$<>"ELSE" THEN GO TO 1980 1970 GO TO 1910 1980 IF A$<>"THEN" THEN GO TO 2000 1990 GO TO 1180 2000 IF A$<>"BEGIN" THEN GO TO 2020 2010 M=M+1:R(M)=L(K):GO TO 1180 2020 IF A$<>"UNTIL" THEN GO TO 2070 2030 N=N-1:IF S(N+1) THEN GO TO 2060 2040 IF S(N+1) THEN GO TO 1180 2050 L(K)=R(M):GO TO 1180 2060 M=M-1:GO TO 1180 2070 IF A$<>"DO" THEN GO TO 2110 2080 M=M+1:R(M)=L(K):M=M+1 2090 IF N<2 THEN PRINT "ERROR IN DO: INSUFFICIENT STACK": GO TO 1090 2100 R(M)=S(N-1):M=M+1:R(M)=S(N):N=N-2:GO TO 1180 2110 IF A$<>"LOOP" THEN GO TO 2150 2120 R(M)=R(M)+1:IF R(M-1)>R(M) THEN GO TO 2140 2130 M=M-3:GO TO 1180 2140 L(K)=R(M-2):GO TO 1180 2150 IF A$=="PI":PUSH PI:GO TO 1180 2160 IF A$="0":PUSH 0:GO TO 1180 2170 IF A$=="STOP" THEN STOP 2180 NUM=1:REAL=0 2190 FOR I=1 TO LEN(A$) 2200 IF NOT(A$(I) INSTR "1234567890") THEN NUM=0 2210 IF I=1 AND A$(1)="-" THEN NUM=1 2220 IF REAL=0 AND A$(I)="." THEN NUM=1:REAL=1 2230 NEXT I: IF NUM=0 THEN GO TO 2280 2240 X=A$:IF X<-32768 THEN GO TO 2270 2250 IF X>32767 THEN GO TO 2270 2260 PUSH X:GO TO 1180 2270 PRINT A$;" INTEGER OUT OF RANGE":GO TO 1090 2280 X=A$:IF X<>0 THEN PRINT A$;" IS NOT A VALID NUMBER":GO TO 1090 2290 PRINT A$;" NOT DEFINED": GO TO 1090 2300 DEFine PROCedure INIT 2310 OPEN#3,scr_512x20a0x0:PAPER#3,2:INK#3,4:CLS#3 2320 OPEN#1,con_430x236a0x20:INK#1,6:PAPER#1,0:CLS#1 2330 OPEN#4,scr_82x226a430x30:INK#4,7:PAPER#4,4:CLS#4 2340 OPEN#5,scr_82x10a430x20:INK#5,7:PAPER#5,4:CLS#5 2350 UNDER#5,1:PRINT#5," STACK: " 2360 CSIZE#3,2,1:PRINT#3," QL Basic Forth Ver. 4.0": 2370 WINDOW#3,150,30,362,0:CSIZE#3,0,0 2380 AT#3,0,0:PRINT#3," 1981 Dr. Dobb's Journal" 2390 AT#3,1,0:PRINT#3," 1986 Rainer W. Gerling" 2400 END DEFine INIT 2410 DEFine PROCedure info 2420 PRINT"QL BASIC FORTH ist ein Schnupper Programm f‡r die Programmier-" 2430 PRINT"sprache FORTH. Das Original Programm wurde von C.H. Ting f‡r" 2440 PRINT"einen NOVA-3 Computer von Data General Co. in Extended BASIC ge-" 2450 PRINT"schrieben. Diese Version erschien in: Dr. Dobb's Journal, Nummer 60," 2460 PRINT"Oktober 1981, Seite 12. Eine f‡r GWBASIC auf IBM-PC und" 2470 PRINT"Kompatiblen angepaœte Version erschien im Programmiersprachen" 2480 PRINT"Sonderheft von HAPPY COMPUTER, Mai 1986, Seite 122." 2490 PRINT"Die vorliegende Version f‡r den QL ist v„llig ‡berarbeitet" 2500 PRINT"und an den QL angepaœt."\\ 2510 PRINT"Dieser FORTH Interpreter soll es erm„glichen mit FORTH zu" 2520 PRINT"spielen, bevor man einen richtigen FORTH Compiler kauft." 2530 PRINT"Er ist langsam, es gibt keinen Editor und keine M„glichkeit" 2540 PRINT"Programme zu speichern. Zum besseren Verst€ndnis wird rechts" 2550 PRINT"im Bild der Stapel st€ndig angezeigt."\\ 2560 PRINT"Dieser Interpreter ist PUBLIC DOMAIN!"\\ 2570 PRINT"G‡ltige Befehle und Operatoren: S? . DUP DROP SWAP OVER ROT" 2580 PRINT"PICK ROLL R& >R R> * / + - ABS ATN COS EXP INT LOG RND SGN" 2590 PRINT"SIN SQR TAN ^ = > < IF ELSE THEN BEGIN UNTIL DO LOOP" 2600 PAUSE 2610 END DEFine info 2620 DEFine PROCedure SICHERN(X) 2630 DELETE "mdv"&X&"_QLFORTH_bas" 2640 SAVE "mdv"&X&"_QLFORTH_bas" 2650 END DEFine SICHERN

@@8BitRetroJournal Great! And thank you so very much for all this information!

That sounds great. I don't use SuperBASIC much, but as a bult-in scripting language it's pretty handy, since it resides in ROM and can be used via boot file to load and configure any program you want. So that part works well. Next week you'll see a neat trick that SuperBASIC allows that gives it a UNIX/Linux -like progress bar.

That's a pretty cool solution. So upon write, it didn't check if the disk had changed...lol for security.

@@8BitRetroJournal Yup, though they (the devs) probably didn't even think of it themselves. I've only told a handful of people about this over the many decades and I doubt if this is even a known thing. These were the days of 8-character file names, sometimes allowed to have a 3-character extension preceded by a backslash, line numbers in BASIC, and a whole mess of other restrictions. Great times, actually.

I only see 6 total comments (including my replies) even though under summary it says I have 8, so the UA-cam gods took down two. There are 3 from you, one starting with "OMG!!!" and another starting with "I think" besides this one. Not sure how to get to them but perhaps you had a link in your comments and my experience, when commenting on other videos, is that those are automatically filtered out.

How do you change the master password. Also, why does it used passwords, is it for copy protection?

The Model 1 was the first personal computer I got to play with. I didn't own one but would go to Radio Shack pretty often in my hometown to play on it after school. The sales people didn't mind you were in there playing Star Trek.

@@8BitRetroJournal Back then, you could secure a file by assigning a password to it, but there is a switch in the ATTRIB function that will assign the disk master password to all files that don't already have one. Back then, our school had a Model 4 acting as a server to 16 non-disk drive equipped Model 3s. Students in a class period would save their work on a single floppy, and each class had their own disk. Assigning a password prevented others from messing around with someone else's work. We had an incident whereby someone did the ATTRIB command to assign all non-password protected files to the disk master password, but, it turned out that either the password was illegal but still got assigned, or the password became corrupted, we don't know. We don't even know if it was even intentional or not, since the advanced students, like myself, weren't even on the network, as we worked on our own machines with our own disk drives. The sequence is this: You insert the disk into the drive, and run ATTRIB with the correct switches to change the disk master password, at which point you're asked to enter the current master password. The computer will then access the file on the disk to read the password and check to make sure what you typed and the current password matches. If it does, it'll ask for a new password, which it then assigns (if a legal password); if it doesn't it either asks you again or it exits, I don't remember. Now here is the key- you start with a disk that you know the password. You run the command, enter that password, and after the computer is done with the I/O and the light goes out, you swap disks with the disk whose password you want to change but don't know what it is, and you enter a new password. The computer will then write the new password to the disk and you're done! Back then, I was the typical computer geek, with my plastic box full of 5.25" disks, bifold printer paper, and shit. I had a similar issue in that I had forgotten the master password for some of my disks and was trying to find a way to crack it. It just so happened that my issue and the what had happened to the class occurred at the same time, and I came up with this solution within a 45-minute class period. And this was during the period when WarGames and The Day after Tomorrow had come out, so a lot of my passwords were "NORAD-like", lol. I don't know if you are familiar with this site or not, but if you don't have the documentation for things, then it's a good resource... w.w.w (dot) trs-80 (dot) c0m / wordpress / emulators/ Oh, and to answer the question a little more, "copy protection" wasn't even a thing back then. Hell, it wasn't until like Windows XP or 7 that you actually required to use a key to activate Windows.

@@8BitRetroJournal My math teacher had one on a rolling cart, with the tape deck and old B&W monitor. I sat next to it working on it rather than whatever was being taught in class. It was a finicky machine, even back then, as it took forever to get a simple "Hello" program to run. And you could hear the changing frequencies as it was running! A friend had a Timex-Sinclair 1000, and that was a complete PoS! All commands were on a series of buttons that you pressed while coding, and the RF noise was awful. My first PC was a VIC-20 and I bought a cartridge for FOURTH. I later had an ADAM, and I used the word processor to print notes and sell in class (long story), and to write the manuals for those programs I created. It had a daisywheel printer and it was LOUD and slow and it often missed characters.

Nope, haven't been able to debug it yet. Do you have any insight to what may be wrong with it?

Results might be very unpleasant

Ok, I see you used Ni-Cd batteries. I will still leave the original comment as a precaution for the viewers.

@@nneeerrrd Yup, was trying to replace it with same type of batteries.

I had to do lots of chopping of the battery holder to get it to fit perfectly.

Thank you for that detailed explanation. It seems they changed resistor pack formats to the single inline at one point, or where the dip once also used to give different values per pin-pair I wonder.

I refrained from modifying the case and actually took material off the battery holder. The first go it still had trouble closing tightly (didn't bulge but would come apart easy without screws), but I eventually got it to fit perfectly.

Oh, good to know. I've run it with a heftier, regulated supply giving 2 amps and it still didn't print, so it seems to need the battery pack to work.

The Z88 had a regular serial port so you could use any normal printer back in the late 80s. I had a Brother M-1109 and I think I attached it to it at one point, though I primarily used it on my QL.

​@@8BitRetroJournal Indeed! :-) As I don't own a ZX81 I don't have personal experience which of its printers might have been responsible for your printout that you were asking about, but the MW100 looks like a possible candidate for a ZX81-compatible printer so I wondered if it might jog a memory. For your larger spark printer did you ever investigate making your own paper? (I think that's how I first found your channel, after acquiring a calculator with a spark printer in it and wondering about the paper supply!)

@@benryves oh, sorry, I didn't catch you were referring to the ink printout. I just don't recall ever owning any printer like that but maybe in the early 90s, when I moved away from the ZX81, I might have picked something up from a yard sale that I a few years after that sold off. Could have been the MW100, but I have no recollection of owning it. No yet...I had planned on playing with some conductive paint and trying different things but kind of forgot 🙂 That said, I do own some cold galvanizing paint and just read that it is conductive, so I wonder if I can give that a try. Wish I had thought of this at the beginning of the summer when I had more time. I will try it on a sheet of white paper tonight to see if I can get any conductivity out of it via a multi-meter.

That would be interesting. They should do a mocumentary on the creation of the Amiga and Commodore and Atari's involvement and feud. Sort of a US version of the Sinclair vs Acorn film "Micro Men" that came out in 2009.