THE IDEAL EDUCATION
THE IDEAL EDUCATION
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10th Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts(अम्ल क्षारक एवं लवण) Part 1 #cbse #class10th #science
#cbse #class10th #10thscience #class10th #cbse2024 #ncert #10thsciencechapter2 #10thsciencefullchapter #class10thscience #AcidsBasesandSalts #acidsbasesandsaltsclass10
Introduction to Acids and Bases:
Definitions: Explanation of acids and bases using their chemical properties.
Natural Occurrence: Sources of acids and bases in nature.
Physical Properties: Characteristics such as taste, touch, and effect on indicators.
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases:
Reaction with Metals: How acids and bases react with metals to produce salts and hydrogen gas.
Reaction with Metal Oxides and Hydroxides: Formation of salt and water.
Neutralization Reactions: Reactions between acids and bases to form salt and water.
Reaction with Carbonates and Bicarbonates: Release of carbon dioxide gas along with salt and water.
Strength of Acids and Bases:
Strong and Weak Acids/Bases: Understanding the concept of strong and weak electrolytes.
pH Scale: Measuring the acidity or alkalinity of solutions using the pH scale, including its importance and applications.
Salts:
Formation of Salts: Processes through which salts are formed from acid-base reactions.
Types of Salts: Classification of salts based on their origin (acidic, basic, and neutral salts).
Uses of Salts: Common examples and their applications in daily life.
Important Compounds:
Common Acids: Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, etc.
Common Bases: Sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc.
Common Salts: Sodium chloride, baking soda, washing soda, and their respective uses.
Indicators:
Types of Indicators: Natural indicators (like litmus, turmeric) and synthetic indicators (like phenolphthalein, methyl orange).
pH Indicators: Use of universal indicators and pH paper to determine the pH of solutions.
अम्ल (Acids):
अम्ल की परिभाषा और उनके गुण।
आमतौर पर पाए जाने वाले अम्लों के उदाहरण, जैसे - हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल (HCl), सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल (H₂SO₄) आदि।
अम्लों की प्रकृति (खट्टा स्वाद, नीले लिटमस को लाल करना)।
अम्लों की प्रतिक्रिया, जैसे धातुओं के साथ, धातु ऑक्साइडों के साथ, और क्षारकों के साथ प्रतिक्रियाएँ।
क्षारक (Bases):
क्षारक की परिभाषा और उनके गुण।
आमतौर पर पाए जाने वाले क्षारकों के उदाहरण, जैसे - सोडियम हाइड्रोक्साइड (NaOH), कैल्शियम हाइड्रोक्साइड (Ca(OH)₂) आदि।
क्षारकों की प्रकृति (कड़वा स्वाद, लाल लिटमस को नीला करना)।
क्षारकों की प्रतिक्रिया, जैसे अम्लों के साथ, अम्लीय ऑक्साइडों के साथ, और गैर-धातुओं के साथ प्रतिक्रियाएँ।
लवण (Salts):
लवण की परिभाषा और उनके गुण।
लवण निर्माण की प्रक्रिया (अम्ल और क्षारक की प्रतिक्रिया)।
सामान्य लवणों के उदाहरण और उनके उपयोग, जैसे - सोडियम क्लोराइड (NaCl), कैल्शियम कार्बोनेट (CaCO₃) आदि।
लवणों की जल में घुलनशीलता और उनके गुण।
pH मान:
pH स्केल की समझ और अम्लीय, क्षारीय, और तटस्थ विलयन की पहचान।
pH मान का दैनिक जीवन में महत्व और विभिन्न पदार्थों के pH मान की जानकारी।
प्राकृतिक संकेतक:
प्राकृतिक संकेतकों का उपयोग, जैसे - हल्दी, लिटमस, और चीनाबेरी (China Rose)।
इनके उपयोग से अम्ल, क्षारक और तटस्थ विलयन की पहचान।
रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाएँ:
न्यूट्रलाइजेशन (उदासीनीकरण) प्रतिक्रिया।
अम्ल-क्षारक और लवण के बीच रासायनिक समीकरणों का संतुलन।
#cbse #class10th #10thscience #class10th #cbse2024 #ncert #10thsciencechapter2 #10thsciencefullchapter #class10thscience #AcidsBasesandSalts #acidsbasesandsaltsclass10 #class10th #ncertsolutions #10thscience
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