Відео

On purple; northern scandinavian here we have a purple plant called "mjölke" (Chamaenerion angustifolium) and they are EVERYWHERE in large amounts!

regarding 33:00 so in other words, the varangian guard brought home sum big numbers ;)

Really cool to see you work through numerical stuff especially since this is new territory for you and you're learning at the same rate that I'm learning (at least in the video format you've edited). Every video you upload feels like new territory to me, so it's good to finally understand some of the logic behind your reasoning, and some context to the fancy words you use. I got "into" conlanging thanks to highschool latin and with your earlier videos. So I'm outta the loop, but it looks like fun, can't wait to see more videos of challenging discussions. Maybe it would be could to have someone on call to bounce ideas off of?

Fun number feature to give people ideas: Lushootseed has a system where if you reduplicate a number that makes it count people. And if you stack the diminutive reduplication on top of it, it makes the number count children

In phrase-structure syntax, quantifier phrases are typically modelled as dominating / being ancestors of noun phrases. So if you have consistent head directionality, it would be expected for cardinal numerals to appear in head position relative to the nouns they "modify", and ordinals to appear in dependent position. This is very clear in Hawai'ian, for example, where the only distinction between cardinals and ordinals is their syntactic position relative to a noun (and cardinals do indeed appear in head position, along with other quantifiers).

Regarding east Asian languages using two sets of numbers, Japanese gets really complicated with this. The counters for things and days use native Japanese numbers for 1-10, and then numbers loaned in from Chinese further than that. Additionally, the word for people used the native Japanese numerals for 1 and 2 people, and the word for slices uses just the Japanese number for 1 slice.

This made me realize (somehow) I really need to redo my noun system for my current conlang. I think it’s because I don’t like how my classes and singular/dual/plural system is working. Just redid my verbs today and I still don’t like it.

The language I'm currently working on uses base 8 because most native speakers have 8 fingers (not human)

12:13 "两个" never "二个" I think that's the only time to use "两" (Any measure word ofc)

Funnily, what happened in Proto-Celtic looks to have been different, with PIE *penkwe becoming PC *kwenkwe, and then the Brythonic branch (and Gaulish?) went and turned all its initial labialised /k/ into /p/ not dissimilarly to what happened in pre-Grimm PG, while the Goidelic branch preserved it mostly. I wonder if part of what happened in Latin was really down to the /kw/ at the start of the second syllable of P-Italic *kwenkwe rather than influence from *kwetwor.

if a hand is 5, and a person is 20, a foot/two hands and a foot could be 15

I think Ilocano has a system where native numbers and Spanish numbers are used in different contexts while both being the same base. So you can still use that number-loaning idea for Taqva Miir even if they're both vigesimal.

happy new year bib!

I'm a big fan of Base-24: QuadraVigesimal; because the Lg Amt of Factor'z FAVz Lg Amt of 'clean' Fractionz'

Fascinating as always, happy forthcoming new year! I find it quite interesting colors and numbers are rather low on your priorities generally, I think they’re some of the first things that get figured out in the languages I make any reasonable progress with (:

Aw base 10 my conlang does base 12

Five year conlang is crazy

I don't know if this will be helpful, but I thought I'd share. Like Russian (but a bit more sensibly) Latin uses a mixture of adjectival agreement and case taking with numbers. One (always singular), two (mostly plural with some dual holdovers), and three (always plural) agree with the noun being counted. Most other numbers are indeclinable, but don't trigger any special case constructions; since the numbers between multiples of 10 are a sequence of the multiple and the remainder, the numbers 1-3 past a multiple of 10 show the same agreement. The case marking is not for general counting, but for partitive constructions, selecting a subset of a larger group; most numbers take a prepositional construction using the ablative case, but multiples of 1000 and other non-specific counting words (like few, some, etc.) take a genitive construction.

5:12 I _believe_ (but I'm no expert) that basically the genitive being present for the numeral 2 is a remnant of the old dual, whose forms fused with some of the other cases (genitive, and I think accusative in some cases as well, like with the feminine or something). It was later re‐analysed as the genitive singular, and eventually it spread to 3 and 4 by analogy. The genitive plural being used for numbers ending in 5‒9 is a completely different origin, in that case I believe it's just literally “five of books” As a side note, I just checked on Wiktionary and the rule is slightly more complicated. When you have a noun phrase in the nominative or accusative with a numeral ending in 2‒4, the noun takes the genitive singular, _except_ if the noun phrase is in the accusative and the noun is animate, in which case it takes the genitive plural. I'm not sure what happens when the noun phrase (hence the numeral) is in a case other than the nominative or accusative ; I think that, contrary to what's stated in the video, in that case everything just takes its expected declension, but it's not very clear to me. Also, the rules for attributive adjectives that modify a noun with such a number are an absolute mess.

I’m very excited to see how you handle clause chaining

Perhaps, fruit-sweetened foods might qualify as sweets in the Raga sweets possessive classifier, since fruits produce natural sorbitol. Maybe honey-sweetened foods might count as sweets as well.

I've always loved Possessive markers that vary in marking by animacy. Examples, using Animate Noun (A) and Inanimate Noun (I), for marking on the more animate noun: A owns I > A marked as possessor I owns A > A marked as possesse I1 owns I2 > I1 marked as possessor A1 owns A2 > A1 marked as possessor Hope that made sense 😅

We're eating good tonight! 😋 🍽️

I think since the classifiers are related to things that are culturally significant (e.g. sugarcane) this us a good chance to relate them to some significant everyday object in the con culture

Since I saw you coming up with this system I thought that the word for today should be "our day, the day we have" (obviously first person inclusive). It dont even needs to be a real clasifier just an affix that looks similar to classifiers and is not use productively other than that i think tirimba could be tirmib (would reduce similarly the number of syllables). With that all the "clunky" classifiers would be plural that people could catch as logical, maybe even use it as some sort of analogy

Regarding classifiers for family members: Catalan has a set of possessive adjectives that are almost exclusively used for family members, especially your parents. Oddly enough it is also used for your house. There aren't many other situations when they are used. Just throwing that out there!

:D

The difference that I instantly thought of with customary value and personally owned is monetary value and sentimental value respectively

I was actually making a language a while ago with relational classifiers and had a distinction between wild plants, planted plants, and harvested plants. Amazing to see it's presence in a natural language.

How common is it for a language to have both a widespread gender system and also a widespread classifier system, like this language?

Edibility is also a commmon feature of odor term systems.

Regarding the question of “why do all these languages distinguish edibles,” food/hunger is a primeval concern for our species. The fact we can live in societies that aren’t necessarily chronically concerned with food is a fairly recent development, and even in the modern world it’s still honestly a luxury.

I was conlanging as this video dropped lmao. Trying to figure out my first somewhat ergative/absolutive language

Now this is why a second channel was a good idea, separating into categories, looking forward for the second channel to grow as significant as the first one

On the topic of coining a word for "purple", in Spanish the word "morado" comes from blackberry/mulberry, "mora"

28:48 that would still work. It would just be a bound morpheme with the basic color term ‘red’ apparent. Speakers would still understand it as ‘a kind of red’ , they just wouldn’t understand what the modifying element means. Related to my first comment, especially if you are combining red and yellow, consider having the word for ‘fire’ be related, as fire, in the subarctic is an especially potent and important instance of red/yellow/orange (warm colors).

12:10 when deciding color terms, you should keep in mind the environment the speakers live in. In the Mayan languages, the word for blue and green is the same, because, in the Yucatán, the foliage and water can look blue or green, depending on the light and angle of view. In the Russian example with separate words for light or dark blue, the color of the Black or Baltic Sea is quite different from the color of the sky.

This is a pretty cool look into how color terms could develop. Shame this has to be shoved on a secondary channel just because it mentions blood a couple times.

maybe if you’re still not too keen about the yellow thing, you could have a word for gold and then modify it with something like “dull” or “matte”? colour systems that involve other physical qualities like shininess and texture in their colour terms irl are really interesting to me and i think having gold be a basic term and then yellow derived from it would be a cool inversion of the norm

24:12 I think, in those conditions, blueberries (especially the European blueberry, Vaccinium myrtillus) or crowberries (Empetrum nigrum) are good candidates for purple or violet berries that the speakers would know of.

No white or black? Are you going to use light and dark as synonyms or something else?

Lets gooooo

15:26 Water actually IS slightly inherently blue. The sky being blue does help it out, but if you had a large body of water in a huge stark white pool with #FFFFFF LED lights, it would still be visibly blue.

Honestly I quite like the idea that Red, Grue and Yellow are sort of the primary colours of this language

It feels like you're trying to have direct equivalents for all the English color terms, rather than creating your own system of color words. A language can get by just fine without a word for orange at all; it can just be another shade of yellow. I like what you did with the compounds instead of basic roots, but it still comes off somewhat relex-y.

Empetrum, Vaccinium, and Gaylussacia are good candidates for your purple berries, but there are many fairly hardy species of grape (Vitis).

Instant sub 👍

what kind of writing system are you planning?

I think Deontic Mood, would apply to the notions of "should" or "ought".

9:00 I can say that I am invested in colors in my conlangs. One of my previous conlangs involved an invention of mine called the chromatic case, meaning a suffix that would be added to a noun to turn it into a color adjective reflective off the typical features of the noun. For example, blue would be literally "mountain-smudge," black would be "night-smudge," and green would be "grass-smudge."