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The past simple and past perfect are both used to describe actions in the past, but they serve different purposes.
The past simple is used for completed actions that happened at a specific time, often with time markers like "yesterday," "last year," or "in 2010." For example, "She visited Paris last summer." This tells us when the action happened, and it’s straightforward.
The past perfect, however, is used to show that one past action happened before another past action. It emphasizes the order of events. For example, "She "had visited" Paris before moving to London." Here, the past perfect ("had visited") highlights that visiting Paris happened before the past simple action of moving to London. In short, while the past simple reports a past event, the past perfect adds context by showing what happened earlier in the past.