PHY350
PHY350
  • 11
  • 116 578
Sound System Design - Choosing Loudspeakers & Amplifiers
- How to choose a loudspeaker that meets your needs
- How to calculate the watts needed to drive that loudspeaker
This is an updated version of a similar video I made several years ago.
Переглядів: 3 198

Відео

Selecting Loudspeakers & Amplifiers
Переглядів 1,2 тис.7 років тому
How to choose a loudspeaker based on your program material & output criteria; then, how to pick an amplifier that will adequately drive that loudspeaker. Note: This was recorded a few years ago, my apologies for the audio quality.
Connecting dBu to dBFS
Переглядів 8 тис.7 років тому
When you send an analog signal into a digital device, you most likely will deal with two different meter types and signal level references: dBu (or VU), and dBFS. This shows you how to translate between the two properly. Note: I recorded this a few years ago, apologies for the audio quality.
Audio Device Interconnections: Impedance, Balance, & Level
Переглядів 9 тис.9 років тому
This is an overview of some things to check out when connecting audio equipment together. A discussion of impedance, the basics of a balanced interconnection, and the categories of signal levels we work with. For details of how to actually wire balanced and unbalanced gear together, check out Rane's Sound System Interconnection guide here: www.rane.com/note110.html
Active vs. Passive Crossovers
Переглядів 8 тис.10 років тому
A quick overview of active vs. passive crossovers for loudspeakers.
Gain Structure - Maximizing system dynamic range
Переглядів 15 тис.10 років тому
Basic overview of how (and where) to adjust gain to maximize your sound system's dynamic range. Maximize signal-to-noise ratio. Ready for more? The next video in this series is here: ua-cam.com/video/zA5SaZySMOs/v-deo.html
Amplifier input sensitivity
Переглядів 22 тис.10 років тому
A discussion of audio amplifier input sensitivity, constant gain vs. constant sensitivity amplifiers, and figuring out what the input sensitivity (clip level) is on those types of amplifiers. This video is a continuation of the Gain Structure video found here: ua-cam.com/video/0HwmBdGGCdg/v-deo.html
Intro to Patchbays
Переглядів 33 тис.10 років тому
Patchbay types, features, and recommended configurations for project studios.
Basics of Power
Переглядів 65110 років тому
The "View from 20,000 Feet" of power: basic terms, overview of single and three phase power, and what a "technical power system" is.
Damping Factor and 5 Percent Rule
Переглядів 7 тис.10 років тому
Review of circuit damping factor for amplifiers and loudspeakers; how to calculate it; and the 5 Percent Rule.
Intro to deciBels
Переглядів 8 тис.10 років тому
dB, dBu, dBV, dB SPL, dBFS, and how to sort them all out.

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @samiryi4728
    @samiryi4728 29 днів тому

    In my studio, we don't have much chance for normalled connections, so I went with non-normalled ones. Also, I'm plugging mics through the TT patchbay. Just scared the crap out of everyone to make sure the phantom power is off before doing any changes.

  • @martinmarasco4403
    @martinmarasco4403 5 місяців тому

    Next step. Measeunt with a real loudpeaker in a real space al that distance...

  • @gitarman666
    @gitarman666 9 місяців тому

    Absolutely nothing wrong with using TRS, TT or military when using phantom power, the shorting point is invalid if the connection is made prior to energizing Too many experts, give their opinions, ignore the science, physics To say “never” implies a great deal but Hot cold ground for each, and every type of input you have mentioned Are capable of routing 48 V I would agree as a matter of choice in the live room, snakes, and wall inserts are XLR Tight, locked and logical That snake feed to the control room can and will work with any of the 3 contact point systems you mentioned I run live room xlr snaked to a DB25 TT to the rear of my trs patch bays without incident The argument I’m met with is “But” But you might make a energizing mistake and fry a ribbon mic But a newbie might, ect.. Good practice? Debatable, and completely revolving around the worry of human error With proper labeling and handling any are suitable An xlr does not guarantee you won’t fry a component when energizing anything that can’t take the zap, you could engage power with a mouse click or physical button if human error is the concern Remember the computer driving your trs,TT or military connectivity and when to energize for 48 v phantom is the same computer we each use daily for every act and decision from driving to telling your wife how she really looks in that 30 year old bikini, that may end in tragedy Your brain

  • @RickBobO
    @RickBobO 10 місяців тому

    That index finger is scaring my poor little index fingers.

  • @MrVoayer
    @MrVoayer 11 місяців тому

    Some really valuable info shown and presented!

  • @nichttuntun3364
    @nichttuntun3364 Рік тому

    Would have saved me a lot of time, if I found your video sooner. Fantastic lesson. 🎉 Thank you.

  • @AnotherAnon
    @AnotherAnon Рік тому

    rane110 is no longer available :/

  • @originalvonster
    @originalvonster Рік тому

    Great video. I have certainly learned a few things so thank you for taking the time to make this. There are a couple of minor things which I believe need to be corrected from an audio point of view. 1:30 Instrument plugs are not TRS (Tip Ring Sleeve). They are usually TS (Tip Sleeve). TRS are balanced cables whereas TS cables are unbalanced and therefore can pick up interference because they do not have common mode rejection. There is an extra wire inside a TRS cable. You are right about the sends being above the returns, however from other videos I have seen online this generalisation does not apply to all types of input / output. In a studio setting with a mixing console for example, you would have the inputs of the console normalled to the outputs of the console in the row below. This is so that the input signal flows directly to the output without the need for a patch cable unless normal is broken with a patch cable (or set up in a half-normalled configuration).

  • @stavroshouiris
    @stavroshouiris 2 роки тому

    I've kinda confused, I've seen others saying that you need to match your impedance or you could risk having reflections in your lines. Maybe they're talking about communication lines?

  • @vitaliistep
    @vitaliistep 2 роки тому

    Thank you!

  • @vitaliistep
    @vitaliistep 2 роки тому

    Thank you very much for this video. What about the coloration and distortion in close to clipping levels?

  • @sebastiangutierrez8438
    @sebastiangutierrez8438 2 роки тому

    tthis info is part of th gain staging, correct?

  • @HaharuRecords
    @HaharuRecords 2 роки тому

    😫

  • @sebastiangutierrez8438
    @sebastiangutierrez8438 2 роки тому

    Very interesting!

  • @sebastiangutierrez8438
    @sebastiangutierrez8438 2 роки тому

    Doest the crossover works kindly as a pre amp?

    • @phy350
      @phy350 2 роки тому

      No, the a crossover simply splits the signal into separate frequency ranges; it does not act as a preamp. For example, a full-range audio signal ranges from 20Hz to 20,000Hz (20Hz to 20kHz). A two-way crossover splits that full range signal into two components: low frequencies and high frequencies, with the "crossover" frequency being roughly where they meet (for example, Low might be 20Hz-500Hz and High might be 500Hz-20kHz). Whether a crossover is Active or Passive: that all depends on WHERE the crossover function occurs. If the signal is split at line-level (before amplification), it's an active crossover. If it's split at speaker-level (after the amplifier), it's a passive crossover.

    • @sebastiangutierrez8438
      @sebastiangutierrez8438 2 роки тому

      @@phy350 thank you very much!

  • @sebastiangutierrez8438
    @sebastiangutierrez8438 2 роки тому

    just to confirm, the standar is + 4dBu because all the devices have diffferent levels of output and inputs so we use the 4 dBu standar to avoid problems with the differences, right?

    • @phy350
      @phy350 2 роки тому

      +4dBu is the nominal level, and each device has varying amounts of headroom above that nominal level. For example, a device with max output of +20dBu has 16dB of headroom. Check my other videos on gain structure for more details on avoiding level problems..

    • @sebastiangutierrez8438
      @sebastiangutierrez8438 2 роки тому

      @@phy350 thank you very much!

  • @psyphon604
    @psyphon604 2 роки тому

    This video was very helpful. There’s still a lot I want to learn about audio signals and interconnects, but this video was a fantastic start! I’m excited to watch the other videos you’ve made. Thank you for the time and effort you’ve put into explaining things. Really nice work!

  • @Synth2000
    @Synth2000 2 роки тому

    Very useful, learnt good valuable things. And that being already experienced.

  • @mrfeenix1
    @mrfeenix1 2 роки тому

    Hi Thanks for the explanation. How would i set up a Sidechain ? I have two types of Compressor one has an Insert type (dbx 266xs) Sidechain input and a (Furman LC-6 ) which has an IN & OUT Jack for each Sidechain. From your Video would the Insert one use Normal? Not got a clue about the other one. It states that the dbx one if a jack is inserted it breaks the connection from the INPUT jack to the 266xs detection circuit. So if it was Normal it would complete the circuit until i send a signal through the patchbay input? Does that sound about right? Any help would be appreciated :)

  • @michaelucas13
    @michaelucas13 2 роки тому

    What school is this? I should've went here haha.

  • @Jalawi9
    @Jalawi9 2 роки тому

    How can I contact you ?

  • @danguzman4676
    @danguzman4676 2 роки тому

    I have a Crown xli800 connected to a Marantz Receiver SR7000 I just want to know which setting is best the .775v or 1.4v connected with RCA Cable. I read a Review that he used the .775v setting so I switched to that the previous owner had it at 1.4 for his small Magnapan speakers. I will be connecting this to a 4ohm 8in Turbo sound speakers, but for now i am in MONO Bridged for my 8ohm Martin Audio BlacklineX series 15" speakers.. Your Math coarse is just not giving me any answers.

    • @phy350
      @phy350 2 роки тому

      The Crown amp's two settings (.775V or 1.4V) are for its input sensitivity. This is, essentially, the clip level of the amplifier. 0.775V is 0dBu, while 1.4V is 5dBu. You'll have to look up the specs on the Marantz to see what output level you're sending over which RCA output. Based on that level, you will then adjust the Crown's attenuation settings for proper gain structure. The Marantz likely has levels listed in dBV not dBu so you'll have to adjust accordingly (0dBV = 2.2dBu). For example.. if your Marantz outputs up to 5 dBV maximum (again, you need to verify what the actual levels are, I'm using 5 as an example ONLY) that means it would be 7.2 dBu. If the amplifier is set to 0.775V, it can handle 0dBu maximum so you need to set the amp's input attenuator to -7dB (or -8 to be safe) to compensate for the difference in level between the Marantz's output and the amp's input capability.

    • @danguzman4676
      @danguzman4676 2 роки тому

      @@phy350 I found a blog He said the Marantz was 1.2v & that setting the Crown to 1.4v was a safer choice,good to know which way is safer, but that also lowering the Amp Gain to 70% will also prevent clipping & Damage, other stuff on Ceramic Turntable Needle & that what the Component is sending into the Receiver matters as a Digital Source but analog is fine. My Laptop is connected to the AUX because the remote don't work & he has all CD & DVD set up for fiber optic connection.When I use 1 of the Crown XLi800 in Mono to power a JL Audio 15" 4 ohm Sub, I think & gladly to know I will set it to the "SAFER" 1.4v Thankyou for the reply & being helpful PHY

  • @koitka2037
    @koitka2037 2 роки тому

    Subbed! Thank you for this video

  • @OysterPir8
    @OysterPir8 2 роки тому

    This is really helpful. I am TOTALLY new to this and only beginning to understand. My interest is in restoring and using vintage recorders, radios, speakers and microphones.

  • @avindraboodram6998
    @avindraboodram6998 3 роки тому

    Great video. Thanks.

  • @macronencer
    @macronencer 3 роки тому

    Quick question about MULTS - consumer level patchbays often allow normal/half/thru options (e.g. the Samson S-Patch) but I'm trying to figure out how I could set up a mult on one of these. Is it possible, or can it only be done by opening the case and getting out a soldering iron? :)

    • @phy350
      @phy350 3 роки тому

      With a soldering iron and the right skills, anything is possible! Seriously though, with the S-Patch, you could do some creative external wiring with some jack fields in THRU mode. THRU mode is their way of saying "no normalling". So, you can make your own mult by connecting together all the rear jacks of the patch points you want to use together as a mult (typically not more than 4: any one as an input, up to 3 as outputs). Sort of like a big Y cable (W cable in this case?) with all T's, R's, and S's of each 1/4" TRS cable wired together in parallel. Hope that makes sense! If I could draw a diagram here in the comments it'd be easier to describe.

    • @macronencer
      @macronencer 3 роки тому

      @@phy350 Aha! Yes, that does make sense. No diagram required. Thank you :)

  • @macronencer
    @macronencer 3 роки тому

    At last! I've found a video about patch bays that is presented in an educational style. I've watched numerous YT content creators talking about their patchbays and offering advice, but I felt a bit unsatisfied. Turns out I really needed the diagrams, photos and bullet points. The wiring diagrams of normalling modes alone were worth the watch. Thank you so much!

  • @coreymelanson5139
    @coreymelanson5139 3 роки тому

    Correct way to get balanced signal ,from inserts to a patchbay? Oui,all my insert cables,snakes (72 channels of em) are traditional TRSx2 TS, but 75% of my outboard gear is balanced I/O,double oui. So for 25% of my unbal gear should send /return be in unbal patchbay,all 9 PB's of mine are all balanced,or start buying TRSx2Trs insert cables.lol. (do they make them) Just found a way to solder TS ends to PB,but different for return/send,can anyone send any links to help me make sense of this issue. I can solder like crazy,and just donno exactly what is best. I imagine theres dif situations,but really need to find a good source of info. Gonna try Gearsluts,or SOS. At this point id buy any e-book,or hardcopy if so. Oui,what a passion we all have for the most smallest advantage on recording,thx for reading my craze,-COR

    • @phy350
      @phy350 3 роки тому

      It's actually very common to mix/match TS/TRS (unbalanced/balanced) connections on a patchbay. All single-point insert jacks (those that require the Y cable to break out the send/return) are inherently unbalanced. That's OK, as long as you keep the lengths as short as possible (preferably under 20') and avoid running them near power cords or other high-level sources of EMI/RFI. SOME balanced gear may not like the negative and shield shorted together when taking a balanced output to an unbalanced input (TRS to TS), but as always... "read the manual". In most cases the worst that happens is you lose 6dB going from balanced to unbalanced. Yes, it's more complicated than this but this is my short answer. :)

  • @davidcarpenter9232
    @davidcarpenter9232 3 роки тому

    I should know some of this ,,, as long as I've been doing it ... Get that slot in my rack ,,, with all the cords hanging out ... Fix the foot trip zone floor ... Well done ... 4 me 2 get it ...

  • @abdallahahmed2597
    @abdallahahmed2597 3 роки тому

    What if we used 2 speakers of jbl? So we need a 400w amplifier right?

    • @HaharuRecords
      @HaharuRecords 2 роки тому

      find some information about Ohms ,, you will be fine.

  • @13thAMG
    @13thAMG 3 роки тому

    My pet hate that I drum right out of my trainees on their first day at work is when they use the word 'Cord'. It's a fkn CABLE! A 'cord' is a curtain string. 😉😁😄

    • @karlcarlsburg9641
      @karlcarlsburg9641 3 роки тому

      All you’re actually doing is informing your trainees that you’re misinformed and stubborn. Definition of cord (3rd use case): a small flexible insulated electrical cable having a plug at one or both ends used to connect a lamp or other appliance with a receptacle. Maybe lay off on your trainees in the future 🤡

    • @karlcarlsburg9641
      @karlcarlsburg9641 3 роки тому

      Also, the phrase is “pet peeve” not “pet hate”. I don’t think you should be correcting people on their use of English..

  • @22jmike
    @22jmike 3 роки тому

    Treasure.

  • @tuantranproduction
    @tuantranproduction 3 роки тому

    can you explain why dBW = total SPL criteria - loudspeaker sens?

  • @tuantranproduction
    @tuantranproduction 3 роки тому

    Crest factor = headroom. CF = 10dB is the most common for live sound for balance between $ and quaility

  • @grahamh7041
    @grahamh7041 3 роки тому

    Thanks - REALLY helpful

  • @timothywanjohi5248
    @timothywanjohi5248 3 роки тому

    When does someone determine whether or not to change the sensitivity of a ca18? I have one which gives me the options to change from .775-1-1.4

    • @phy350
      @phy350 3 роки тому

      An archived brochure I found (www.fullcompass.com/common/files/62-CrestCA18Brochure.pdf) has a chart that tells part of the story. If you have different sensitivity settings, that just changes the dBu level for your gain structure settings. For example, .775V = 0dBu, 1.4V = 5dBu. If your mixer has a max output of, say, 20dBu, and you have the amp set to .775V, you would need to set the input attenuator to -20dB on the CA18 amp. If you have it set to 1.4V, you'd set the input attenuator to -15dB. That said, the brochure I reference above has X20 and X40 settings, which are fixed voltage gains (not fixed sensitivities). When the voltage gain is fixed (as you might want for certain applications), the input sensitivity changes depending on the amplifier's load and the wattage. That's when you need the fixed gain formula (explain around the 3 minute mark). There's a chart on that brochure which gives you the sensitivity in volts for the X20 and X40 settings. Convert those volts to dBu, and you'll have the info you need for gain structure purposes. Factory Standard X115 .775V = 0 dBu Option 1 X40 2.24V = 9.2 dBu Option 2 X20 4.47V = 15.2 dBu But of course this chart is only valid when you have an 8 Ohm load connected to the amplifier. 4 Ohm loads? Time for some math!

  • @raulplascencia3628
    @raulplascencia3628 3 роки тому

    Thanks a lot. I had been researching on this and this is the best way to understand. Great explanation.

  • @musadadam7260
    @musadadam7260 3 роки тому

    wow men you are a GREAT teacher, thanks alot

  • @milesjay2330
    @milesjay2330 3 роки тому

    Super helpful. Thanks for all the tips and details on the mechanics of normaling. Cheers

  • @Andy-lm2zp
    @Andy-lm2zp 3 роки тому

    Not good audio,

  • @ChrisNova777
    @ChrisNova777 3 роки тому

    thanks for this video - the best ive been able to find so far honestly illustration combined with clear narrative = win

  • @enyedirichardmr1310
    @enyedirichardmr1310 4 роки тому

    x24

  • @enyedirichardmr1310
    @enyedirichardmr1310 4 роки тому

    mono channels

  • @enyedirichardmr1310
    @enyedirichardmr1310 4 роки тому

    figure 2/longboard

  • @enyedirichardmr1310
    @enyedirichardmr1310 4 роки тому

    line=A male 4-pin "Kycon" power connector, which appears similar to a Mini-DIN connector

  • @jeffhirata
    @jeffhirata 4 роки тому

    Excellent point about using only XLR patches for mics. Thanks!

  • @micheler.3439
    @micheler.3439 4 роки тому

    The only exhaustive and comprehensive explanation of this on the internet, you're awesome man!

  • @twilolight
    @twilolight 4 роки тому

    Thank you! This was informative, I appreciate.

  • @twilolight
    @twilolight 4 роки тому

    I'm trying to learn how this is all done so I'm confused on two points. First how do you know how much DB you need in a room to begin with to achieve a certain "feel"? Secondly if the long term peak of a speaker (assuming that's RMS) is 600 watts then wouldn't you need an amp that is slightly over 600 watts to run it at its full potential? I'm confused as to why one would use an underpowered amplifier to run a speaker. Like I said I'm new to learning about this, I'm sure there's lots of things I don't understand and I'm prepared to learn. Thanks.

    • @justahobby4
      @justahobby4 2 роки тому

      You are right ,,,but always note:-we get +3db every time when we double the power of amp ex:- if we have a speaker with 100db sensitivity(at 1m and 1w) and 600w power Then we double the power (1w) until it matches 600w That is 2^9.23=600 Therefore ,max- spl=100+(9.23)*3=128db And if we need 123 db max spl Then ,power need =2^((123-100)/3)=200w And we can use amp slightly over 200,bcz power amp looses their volume/power with time In actual life ,using power 600w and above is recommended ,if you donot overdrive spekers ,,,and in 600w amp you can control spl/power of amp from 0 to 600w with volume knob And you can calculate spl needed by dbmeter

  • @pocketknifearmy
    @pocketknifearmy 4 роки тому

    This was exteremely helpful, thank you sir!