D Nicolas Espinoza
D Nicolas Espinoza
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Geomechanics for Geothermal Energy
This is a recording of an invited lecture delivered by D. N. Espinoza for PGE 379/383 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES taught by Prof. S. Livescu.
The lecture covers applications of geomechanics for geothermal energy, with particular emphasis on geomechanics for deep geothermal reservoir engineering.
Note 1: Apologies for the background echo.
Note 2: increasing a bit playing speed usually makes my talks more entertaining!
Переглядів: 4 273

Відео

Geomechanics for Carbon Capture and Geological Storage
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This the recording of an invited lecture delivered by D. N. Espinoza for PGE 383 CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE taught by Prof. K. K. Mohanty. The lecture covers fundamentals of geomechanics applied to carbon geological storage.
Ant tunneling - Time Lapse
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This video features ~3 days of ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) tunneling in moist sand. This work was part of a study conducted at Georgia Tech in my first year as graduate student ~2006-2007. More details available here: doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0202-y Key highlights: - Results highlight ants’ exceptional ability to sense the prevailing geomechanical conditions in tunnels, and to adapt excavatio...
Hydraulic Fracturing in Gelatin
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This is a video recording of home experiment "Hydraulic Fracturing in Gelatin" part of PGE 334 Reservoir Geomechanics, delivered at The University of Texas at Austin by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics) Gelatin used: Jell-O Fluid injected: water ground black pepper Injection pressure: a few psi
L41 Subcritical fracture propagation: implications for natural fractures and hydraulic fracturing
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Lecture 41 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/12/02 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: subcritical fracture propagation, subcritical index, naturally fractured formations, subcritical fracture propagation in hydraulic fracturing, double torsion test, chemically-enhanced subcritical fracture propagation. Suggeste...
L40 Microseismicity in multistage hydraulic fracturing, seismic and aseismic shear slip
Переглядів 9924 роки тому
Lecture 40 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/30 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: physical mechanisms behind microseismicity, microseismicity magnitude, stimulated reservoir volume and production, seismic and aseismic slip. Suggested reading Microseismicity: www.slb.com/-/media/files/oilfield-review/02-micr...
WP8 Cam-clay model application to over-pressure prediction and calculation of plastic strains
Переглядів 1,3 тис.4 роки тому
This is a video recording of the explanation of "Weekly Project 8" of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/9 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Problem statement: dnicolasespinoza.github.io/AdvancedGeomech/ Topics covered: shale compressibility curves and application to prediction of overpressure, calculation of plastic s...
WP9 Stress shadows and fracture interaction
Переглядів 7904 роки тому
This is a video recording of the explanation of "Weekly Project 9" of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/30 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Problem statement: dnicolasespinoza.github.io/AdvancedGeomech/ Topics covered: Fracture stress shadow calculated with linear isotropic elasticity and plane strain simplification ...
L22 Reservoir depletion: subsidence and change of stresses
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This is a video recording of Lecture 22 of PGE 334 Reservoir Geomechanics (Spring 2020) delivered remotely on November 30, 2020, at The University of Texas at Austin by D. Nicolas Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics covered: depletion, subsidence, induced seismicity, change of permeability induced by compaction (vertical and horizontal), poroelastic solution, Biot effective stress, c...
L39 Fluid-driven fracture propagation regimes in porous media
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Lecture 39 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/20 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: Fluid-driven fractures in porous media, fracture propagation regimes, viscosity dominated fracture propagation, toughness dominated fracture propagation, leak-off dominated fracture propagation, storage dominated fracture prop...
L38 Coupled fluid-driven fracture problem: PKN step-by-step solution
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Lecture 38 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/18 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: PKN model, general workflow to solve a fluid-driven fracture problem, fracture height, variable fracture width and net pressure along fracture, fracture half length, width, and net pressure as a function of time, KGD and radia...
Understanding fracture mechanics with bamboo chopsticks
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Linear elastic fracture mechanics relies on the concept of "stress intensity factor". This video explains this concept for fractures modes 1: opening, 2: in-plane shear, and 3: out-of-plane shear. Additional theoretical concepts are available here: dnicolasespinoza.github.io - Section 4.8: fracture modes - Section 7.3.2.1-2: linear elastic fracture mechanics
L37 Pressurized fractured problem: linear elastic fracture mechanics solution
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Lecture 37 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/16 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: pressurized fracture problem, Griffith solution, fracture width, stress intensity factor, fracture toughness, fracture modes, fracture propagation criterion.
L36 Introduction to the coupled fluid-driven fracture problem
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Lecture 36 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/12 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: coupled fluid-driven fracture problem, factors that affect net pressure during fracture propagation, rock deformation, viscous losses, fracture propagation criterion.
L35 Breakdown pressure and ideal hydraulic fracture orientation (video fixed)
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Lecture 35 of PGE 383 (Fall 2020) Advanced Geomechanics at The University of Texas at Austin delivered on 2020/11/6 by DN Espinoza ( DNEGeomechanics). Topics: Breakdown pressure, application to the leak-off test and diagnostic fracture initiation test, ideal orientation of hydraulic fractures growing from wellbores and perforations.
L34 Brittle to ductile failure transition in rocks
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L34 Brittle to ductile failure transition in rocks
L33 Cam-Clay model (Part 2): calculation of elastic and plastic strains
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L33 Cam-Clay model (Part 2): calculation of elastic and plastic strains
L32 Cam-Clay model (Part 1): critical state line, yield surface and isotropic consolidation line
Переглядів 20 тис.4 роки тому
L32 Cam-Clay model (Part 1): critical state line, yield surface and isotropic consolidation line
L31 Determination of plastic strains with the flow rule
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L31 Determination of plastic strains with the flow rule
WP7 Shear and tensile failure in deviated wellbores
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WP7 Shear and tensile failure in deviated wellbores
L30 Mohr-Coulomb, Dracker-Prager, and Modified Lade yield criteria
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L30 Mohr-Coulomb, Dracker-Prager, and Modified Lade yield criteria
L29 Tresca and von Mises yield surfaces
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L29 Tresca and von Mises yield surfaces
L28 Inelastic deformation examples in subsurface engineering applications
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L28 Inelastic deformation examples in subsurface engineering applications
L27 Elasto-visco-plastic response: creep, stress relaxation, and strain-rate dependent stiffness
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L27 Elasto-visco-plastic response: creep, stress relaxation, and strain-rate dependent stiffness
L26 Chemo-mechanical coupled processes: shale and organic matter swelling
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L26 Chemo-mechanical coupled processes: shale and organic matter swelling
L25 Heat equation coupled with elasticity and thermo-poro-elasticity
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L25 Heat equation coupled with elasticity and thermo-poro-elasticity
L24 Thermal stresses in reservoirs and wellbores
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L24 Thermal stresses in reservoirs and wellbores
L23 Thermo-elasticty: subsurface engineering applications and constitutive equation
Переглядів 7854 роки тому
L23 Thermo-elasticty: subsurface engineering applications and constitutive equation
L22 Undrained loading: change of pore pressure, undrained bulk modulus and Skempton coefficient
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L22 Undrained loading: change of pore pressure, undrained bulk modulus and Skempton coefficient
L21 Fault genesis and ideal orientation
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L21 Fault genesis and ideal orientation

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @davidnwabuebo2197
    @davidnwabuebo2197 День тому

    🔥🔥🔥🔥

  • @Peter109ful
    @Peter109ful Місяць тому

    29:45 I think its actually sqrt(3)*I1/3 = I1/sqrt(3)

  • @skyecooleyartwork
    @skyecooleyartwork Місяць тому

    What ratio of jello to water are you using?

  • @SnoopGoatt
    @SnoopGoatt 2 місяці тому

    Amazing explanation

  • @loknathdas3111
    @loknathdas3111 2 місяці тому

    Great explanation of critical state soil mechanics

  • @firasalmashkoor5623
    @firasalmashkoor5623 3 місяці тому

    Thank you for these lectures

  • @mohebalikalani2115
    @mohebalikalani2115 4 місяці тому

    thank you, prevent effect of global warming, New energy from sea will change world soon, minerals and temperature of water and air from sea are huge source of energy, reduce more than 50% using fossil fuel, fresh water, fertilizer(minerals+O2,N2,C), zero pollution by using power magnet of machine to separate N2 and O2 from Air , economy will rise by using jet plasma machine and compressed gas(Air) in isolated structure in water pool with more than 80 % efficiency, it has two vertical cylinders, in first level it transfers compressed gas(hot air) temperature from engine to sea water in pool for steam electric generator, steam combines with high cold Air pressure to produce pure water and electricity , there are other source of energy that with international cooperation in coastline we can reduce effect of global warming, further more we can prevent these phenomena like cyclone and flood and wildfire by using this hot seasonal atmospheric condition, recent years in summer, geothermal energy happens in surface of coastline, there are many countries in coastline with seasonal hot weather and water condition in comparison with middle Ocean, its more than 12 degrees ,this differences must decrease, in sum-up, by using this energy not only is economical but also reduce global warming in countries like Japan, China, India, Mediterranean countries, Iran, Brazil, Mexico, Us, Canada, (Africa and Arabian countries....) . I invented new method base on air pressure rules and quantum physics ionization sea water minerals in strong dynamic permanent magnet(SMCO) with special frequency(1500or 3000)/minute bases on paramagnetic and diamagnetic particles and electrical microwave electron wave field and electric chemical reactions and photon wave from semiconductors with special angle Cations like(K+, Mg++, Na+, H+, H++, li+, H2, ...) are transferred to in the second level into up level by vacuum pump from storage into combustion chambers and they combine with O2 and N2 ,... as major part of fuel, they increase speed of machine, modern induct Gearbox to control opposite direction, for producing electricity and fresh water (removed minerals by accelerate ionization sys from sea water) and fertilizer. this machine produces 150Megwatt/hour and 20000M3/DAY fresh water and fertilizer. 7 methods zero pollution for reducing global warming I mentioned in my profile. (G20 countries can solve these phenomena).

  • @ahmedshabrawy9676
    @ahmedshabrawy9676 4 місяці тому

    Hello can you write the steps I don’t understand this session professor

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 4 місяці тому

      Hi, a solution of this problem with Python is available here: colab.research.google.com/drive/1cs_zWFIOLWl5_p0X7V_m8nqDES8NTKkG?usp=sharing

  • @ldh6799
    @ldh6799 4 місяці тому

    4:40 what do you mean by lowering the pore pressure

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 4 місяці тому

      I said "lower the bottom-hole pressure", i.e., lower than the reservoir pressure to create a gradient towards the well.

    • @ldh6799
      @ldh6799 4 місяці тому

      @@dnicolasespinoza5258 Thank you for the clarification and for taking the time to reply! it is very kind of you!

  • @abirbanerjee949
    @abirbanerjee949 5 місяців тому

    What is the name of the software used?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 4 місяці тому

      It is a Python script. Help and solved geomechanics problems with Python can be found here: drive.google.com/drive/folders/1rIzjFd5p81JGOSRUkaMiQF018idb1XU3?usp=sharing

    • @juancarloshernandezmarin9316
      @juancarloshernandezmarin9316 2 місяці тому

      Thanks professor ​@@dnicolasespinoza5258

    • @juancarloshernandezmarin9316
      @juancarloshernandezmarin9316 2 місяці тому

      You can also use Mohr plotter, which is a free software.

  • @abirbanerjee949
    @abirbanerjee949 5 місяців тому

    Excellent explanation

  • @mostafaismail43
    @mostafaismail43 5 місяців тому

    Great content. Thank you

  • @ramdassramlakhan2666
    @ramdassramlakhan2666 5 місяців тому

    Hi Nicolas, Can you please explain how to obtain sigma min and max from a practical perspective? (i.e. how do we obtain from the field to carry out these types of analyses?) Thank you.

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 5 місяців тому

      Hi, in short, you need to do field testing: fracture/shut-in tests, well images for breakouts and others. In practice it is not that easy and you should have a comprehensive knowledge of geomechanics to do and interpret such measurements. I recomened you go over an entire course in geomechanics like mine dnicolasespinoza.github.io or others.

  • @anniegu3366
    @anniegu3366 5 місяців тому

    Dear Prof. Espinoza, I have a question might be a silly one. For the Mohr circle (effective stress) part, wasn't the change in pore water pressure were not considered for layers above (overburden/vertical stress). So why the change in porewater pressure would also case the theta33 increase? Or the situation has been changed... Thank you so much...

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 5 місяців тому

      Hi, this solution is only for the reservoir. Decreasing pore pressure causes sigma_33 to increase. The extension of the solution to the caprock is more complicated and depends on wellbore/reservoir/caprock geometry and caprock permeability among others. This is a classic paper in the area: Segall, 1989, Geology (pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/17/10/942/186508/Earthquakes-triggered-by-fluid-extraction )

  • @ashitkumarsahoo2140
    @ashitkumarsahoo2140 5 місяців тому

    For the sigma yy- for x>c the equation tends to be negative infinity instead of positive infinity, also for x<c the equation is not defined as it will come in terms of iota in denominator , kindly clarify...

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 5 місяців тому

      You are right, the plot shown around ~22:20 follows the mechanics convention (tension positive). That equation is not valid for x<c, so it should not be used. The solution has been coded here: colab.research.google.com/drive/1huIgVsyv1PvyNpXyFnZ9u-Ta1zp6Pbti

    • @ashitkumarsahoo2140
      @ashitkumarsahoo2140 5 місяців тому

      @@dnicolasespinoza5258 thank you , your lectures are helping me a lot.

  • @davidalejandrosegurasaboga942
    @davidalejandrosegurasaboga942 6 місяців тому

    Very valuable knowledge, thank you for sharing.

  • @Adam-K4
    @Adam-K4 7 місяців тому

    @21:00 the equation is valid only at the free surface, right? Because you crossed out the other two terms in the equation #3.

  • @TalesBy_moonlight-pm2jw
    @TalesBy_moonlight-pm2jw 7 місяців тому

    Thanks a lot for these videos. They are truly awesome. Please I need some help with calculating the vertical stress Sv for well logs with density values greater than 2.3g/cc. I used the equation TVDSSDepth * 1 * (BulkDensity / 2.3) for the topmost row. Then Sv1 * 1 * [Avg(BulkDensity2 : BulkDensity1) / 2.3] * [Depth2-Depth1] for row 2 and below. However I get Sv values all greater than 1.0psi/ft. Most tomes the values are up to 1.2psi/ft. In addition. the trend decrease with increasing depth. This doesn’t seem correct and I need your help explaining this please. Please note that I have tried these equations with a different well density log with values less than 2.3g/cc and everything seems perfectly fine. Advance thanks for your help.

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 7 місяців тому

      There is nothing wrong with Sv gradientes > 1 psi/ft. This just means the rock is heavier than ~2.3 g/cc. Heavy low-porosity rocks can get to dSv/dz up to ~1.3.

    • @TalesBy_moonlight-pm2jw
      @TalesBy_moonlight-pm2jw 7 місяців тому

      Thanks a lot for your prompt response 👍

  • @afsar9974
    @afsar9974 7 місяців тому

    Hi Prof! Thank you for your lectures . They are very helpful . Can you please refer me to the lecture where u have discussed wormhole generation and propagation due to sand production

  • @trahuynhmai7985
    @trahuynhmai7985 8 місяців тому

    Thank you for sharing your lecture, I have a question, may you answer this? I have the orientation of SHmax for a deviated well is 170N-S so when I calculate sigma_rr, now my theta is 170 degrees, isn't it?

  • @trahuynhmai7985
    @trahuynhmai7985 8 місяців тому

    In a deviated well, I have azimuth in the drilling report is 261.14 degrees at depth, so in your coordinate system, sigma= 261.14 degrees, isn't it??

  • @benvanzon3234
    @benvanzon3234 8 місяців тому

    Great video explaining this theory! I'm studying and preparing for my graduation thesis regarding the simulation of phonons, and that required some new material's science theory!

  • @dnicolasespinoza5258
    @dnicolasespinoza5258 8 місяців тому

    Typo alert [25:22]: should be du_2/dx_1 instead of du_2/dx_2

  • @saravanankrish9423
    @saravanankrish9423 8 місяців тому

    Sir , why do we take average of the strain rate , why not take the sum of the strain . It baffles me so much

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 8 місяців тому

      The explanation is at time 20:00 and 25:00. Be careful with the use of the word "rate" as it usually refers to variation in time.

  • @SH0493
    @SH0493 8 місяців тому

    Hi Sir. I'm just confused. I just noticed that the linear equation you used in this video is different from the spring 2020 lecture which leads to different values of TVDSS even it was the same example.

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 8 місяців тому

      The linear equation is a fast and simple approximation, which does work for all cases. I may have chosen a slightly different interval in the 2020 video. Anyway, the right solution is to interpolate point by point. It's not practical to do this in Excel, but can be easily done in Python/Matlab/etc. Here is the solution: colab.research.google.com/drive/1cs_zWFIOLWl5_p0X7V_m8nqDES8NTKkG

    • @SH0493
      @SH0493 8 місяців тому

      @@dnicolasespinoza5258 Thank you sir. Your lectures help me a lot since I'm interested in learning geomechanics.

  • @AlanM-it2pi
    @AlanM-it2pi 8 місяців тому

    hello. how can you have porosities in the vicinity of 30% for shales?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 8 місяців тому

      "Shales" is a word generally used to refer to rocks and sediments with high clay content. The shales or mudrocks in this example are relatively young and are undergoing the first compaction process in their life. These are commonly found in all young (~<50 Ma) sediemntary basins.

  • @AlanM-it2pi
    @AlanM-it2pi 8 місяців тому

    how can you have porosities in your table in the vicinity of 30% to 40% in shales?

  • @mariogalindoq
    @mariogalindoq 8 місяців тому

    Why the model doesn't have cohesion (like Mohr-Coulomb or Drucker-Prager), being the cohesion a fundamental characteristic of a Clay?

  • @evankias
    @evankias 8 місяців тому

    Prof Espinoza, excellent lecture, thank you for sharing with all of us. Have you posted the lecture you did on the undrained solution?

    • @evankias
      @evankias 8 місяців тому

      Oops, I think I’ve found it actually, L21 on Diffusivity. Thanks for sharing!

  • @ahmedadnanaziz2005
    @ahmedadnanaziz2005 8 місяців тому

    I have learned a lot from your lectures Dr.Espinoza , thanks

  • @mariogalindoq
    @mariogalindoq 8 місяців тому

    Could you explain please why the model doesn't consider the cohesion being that one of the most important characteristic of a clay is the cohesion? Thank you in advance.

  • @mariogalindoq
    @mariogalindoq 8 місяців тому

    Could you explain please why the model doesn't consider the cohesion being that one of the most important characteristic of a clay is the cohesion? Thank you in advance.

  • @KirillGoloviznin
    @KirillGoloviznin 9 місяців тому

    Like for not giving up on the ellipse :)

  • @carlosbocaz9321
    @carlosbocaz9321 9 місяців тому

    Hola, cuál es el libro guía que utilizas para tus apuntes?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 9 місяців тому

      Mine: dnicolasespinoza.github.io, additional suggested reading is listed in each chapter. Saludos!

  • @han.splash9648
    @han.splash9648 10 місяців тому

    Hi, I have a structural geology exam coming up and I need some help. Is there any way I can contact you via email to ask for help?

  • @dnicolasespinoza5258
    @dnicolasespinoza5258 10 місяців тому

    Typo alert: around minute 5 the correct equation is "Delta q / Delta p' = 3". Thanks to a viewer for pointing out the mistake!

  • @farahnazabouk2461
    @farahnazabouk2461 11 місяців тому

    Good❤

  • @atxlax
    @atxlax 11 місяців тому

    Are these Kirsch equations, as written, valid for thick wall cylinder testing?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 11 місяців тому

      No, here the external radius has been taken to be infinity. Thick wall cylinder equations need a finite value for the external radius.

  • @andrikurniawan823
    @andrikurniawan823 11 місяців тому

    Thank you for Nicolas, Watching this lesson from Indonesia

  • @phunguyenba4818
    @phunguyenba4818 11 місяців тому

    Thank you very much for your sharing. Your videos are useful with me

  • @atxlax
    @atxlax 11 місяців тому

    In section 6.2.2, the handwritten equations for \sigma_{rr} and \sigma_{\theta\theta} each have two terms that use \Delta \sigma (=\sigma_Hmax - \sigma_hmin). However, in the typed equations for \sigma_{rr} and \sigma_{\theta\theta} in section 6.2.3, each have only one term that uses \Delta \sigma...where did the second \Delta \sigma term go?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 11 місяців тому

      It goes into the "isotropic" term (sigmaH+sigmah)/2*(1-a^2/r^2). Notice that the average stress (sigma_inf + sigma_inf + Delta_ sigma) /2 = sigma_inf + Delta_sigma/2.

    • @atxlax
      @atxlax 11 місяців тому

      @@dnicolasespinoza5258 (+1) Can you clarify how (sigmaH+sigmah)/2 = sigma_inf + Delta_sigma/2 = sigma_inf + (sigmaH-sigmah)/2? It is probably simple, but I'm not seeing it. For the above relation to be true, i.e., (sigmaH+sigmah)/2 = sigma_inf + (sigmaH-sigmah)/2, this would mean sigma_inf = sigmah...that right?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 11 місяців тому

      ​@@atxlax Correct, to go from the special cases to the general case: sigma_H = sigma_inf + Delta_sigma; and sigma_h = sigma_inf . Then, (sigma_H+sigma_h)/2 = (sigma_inf + Delta_sigma + sigma_inf)/2 = sigma_inf + Delta_sigma/2

  • @atxlax
    @atxlax 11 місяців тому

    Hand written equation for deviatoric shear stress, sigma_rtheta in section 6.2.2, has leading negative sign while the typed equation in section 6.2.3 does not have the negative sign. Which is correct?

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 11 місяців тому

      good catch! the typed equation for shear stress $\sigma_{r \theta}$ should have a negative sign. I'm fixing the equation in my master code and should appear in the next release. Thanks!

  • @traveltoeurope007
    @traveltoeurope007 Рік тому

    Thank you so much sir

  • @cchrism.7586
    @cchrism.7586 Рік тому

    Wow!

  • @danialhussain1336
    @danialhussain1336 Рік тому

    I am quite relieved after watching your video. Thank you!

  • @concretemathematics8146
    @concretemathematics8146 Рік тому

    03:33 Why the 1 psi/ft? Why not use the (rho)*(g)*(h) formula? Not all region in the world can be applied with 1 psi/ft.

    • @dnicolasespinoza5258
      @dnicolasespinoza5258 Рік тому

      1 psi/ft is the stress gradient for mass density 2.3 g/cc = 2300 kg/m3; here it is used as a linear interpolation that captures the actual mass density from the log (e.g., 1.87 g/cc for depth 1750 ft), gravity is included in the calculations, see dnicolasespinoza.github.io/node9.html.

  • @zeco03
    @zeco03 Рік тому

    Excellent presentation.

  • @zeco03
    @zeco03 Рік тому

    Great job !

  • @zeco03
    @zeco03 Рік тому

    Good job

  • @jhonathanhenaoossa2828
    @jhonathanhenaoossa2828 Рік тому

    Clear lecture professor Espinoza.... useful for my class on mechanical behavior!