Cranes have a long history of being a staple in construction that reaches back thousands of years. Records indicate the ancient Greeks invented the first cranes and used them as early as 515 BC. Some reports indicate cranes were used for water irrigation in ancient Mesopotamia, thousands of years earlier. In fact, many ancient structures, if built today, would need to use some sort of crane.
A workhorse in the construction industry, cranes tackle heavy-duty material handling tasks. Tower cranes can operate from fixed positions to raise, lower, and transport objects, and mobile cranes can move serious weight over rough terrain and transport objects around construction sites. This article details what the basic crane components look like and how they function so you can choose the best type of crane for your next project.
parts of tower and telescopic cranes
1. Floats, foundation, tracks, or wheels
Floats
Foundation
Tracks
Wheels
2. Outriggers(04:29)
3. Main boom or mast(03:02)
Hydraulic boom
Lattice boom
4. Jib(03:23)
5. Operator’s cab(04:03)
6. Turntable
7. Counter-jib
8. Counterweights(03:42)
9. Main winch and motors
10. Tower peak
11. Trolley
12. Hoist(02:46)
13. Main load line
14. Hook block(02:22)
Mobile cranes are mounted on crawlers or tires and offer greater mobility than standard cranes. Some mobile cranes are even able to be driven on the highway. Their ability to navigate around job sites and carry large amounts of weight makes mobile cranes a very popular addition to many projects.
There are several different types of mobile cranes, including:
1. Carry Deck Crane(06:50)
Carry deck cranes are a relatively new type of crane that evolved from the older pick and carry model that was first introduced in the 1980s. They’re small, four-wheeled, can rotate a full 360 degrees, and are more portable than other types of cranes.
2. Crawler Crane(06:15)
Unlike the wheeled carry deck cranes, crawlers are track vehicles. Instead of wheels, crawlers are built on an undercarriage fitted with a pair of rubber tracks.
4. Rough Terrain Crane(06:26)
As the name implies, these cranes are used for pick and carry operations off-road and on rough terrains.
5. Truck-mounted Crane(05:18)
Truck-mounted cranes are made up of two parts: the carrier (truck), and the boom (arm). Due to their unique build, they’re able to travel easily on the road with no unique set up or transportation equipment.
Fixed Cranes
Fixed cranes are typically fixed in one location or spot, and most need to be brought in and assembled at the site of the project.
6. Bridge/Overhead Crane(07:23)
The bridge crane, also known as an overhead crane, are typically found in industrial environments.
Gantry(07:30)
7. Bulk-handling Crane(07:53)
Bulk-handling cranes are used to carry large volumes of heavy materials, like coal or minerals. Instead of a hook at the end, bulk-handling cranes have a specialized hook that utilizes a grabbing mechanism and a bucket to grab, hold, and lift materials.
9. Stacker Crane(08:09)
stacker crane key feature forklift-like mechanism.
10. Telescopic Crane(07:46)
telescopic crane key feature hydrolic cylinder for changing length
Telescopic cranes are equipped with a boom (arm) outfitted with a hydraulic cylinder that allows it to change length, like a telescope.
11. Tower Crane(08:33)
tower crane key feature height and weight lifting capabilities
Commonly used in the construction of tall buildings, tower cranes are beautiful machines that offer amazing lifting capabilities.
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