POD CAST - PODIATRY
POD CAST - PODIATRY
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Hammertoes - Types - Flexor Stabilization, Flexor/Extensor Substitution - Origins - Etiology
Hammertoes - Types - Flexor Stabilization, Flexor/Extensor Substitution - Origins - Etiology
Hammertoes are among the most common deformities of the forefoot.[1] It results from an imbalance between the weak intrinsic muscles and the stronger extrinsic muscles surrounding the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ) of the lesser digits. Hammertoe is a deformity that involves flexion at the interphalangeal joints (IPJ) and can be distinguished into categories including the classic hammertoe, mallet toe or claw toe. With the lesser digits being an important component in the balance of the foot, as well as in pressure distribution, deformities may lead to compensatory gait changes, distortions in cosmetics, callous formations, and pain. It is, therefore, important to know that there is a multitude of viable treatment options to consider. Treatments should first and foremost be centered around conservative measures such as wearing shoes with a wider toe box, toe pads, and the proper utilization of orthotics. If conservative management fails and pain persists with worsening deformity, the patient may benefit from surgical intervention. There are different types of characteristics of the deformities, and depending on its rigidity, the surgical approach will differ. A proper clinical evaluation of the patient is, therefore, of the utmost importance when aiming for long-term reduction of the deformity.
Anatomy
Deformities of the lesser digits result from an imbalance between the weak intrinsic muscles and the stronger extrinsic muscles. Any imbalance in these forces will favor the stronger extrinsic muscles and thus will result in an extended proximal phalanx and possible MTPJ hyperextension, as well as with a PIPJ and/or DIPJ flexion due to the long unopposed flexor.[2]
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) primary function is in the swing phase of gait and functions to dorsiflex the foot. EDL tendon splits into four separate tendon slips as it courses across the ankle, with each one going to each of the lesser digits. Over the proximal phalanx, the tendon again divides into 3 slips, with the middle slip inserting into base of the middle phalanx, and the 2 lateral slips converting into a terminal tendon and inserting into the base of the distal phalanx.
Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) only has three slips and inserts into the fibrous expansion of EDL at the level of MTPJ of digits 2, 3, 4 forming what is called the extensor hood apparatus. Because of this unique anatomical construct, the pull of the EDL and EDB creates significant dorsiflexion of the MTPJ and minimal dorsiflexion power at the IPJ.
Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) divides into 4 separate slips that insert onto the lesser digits distal phalanx and flex at the DIPJ, while FDB inserts onto the middle phalanx and flexes the PIPJ. With no flexor inserting into the proximal phalanx and working as an antagonist to the MPJ in an extended position, the force results in flexion in the PIP and DIP joints.
Переглядів: 1 697

Відео

Nerve Injury - Seddon Classification - Peripheral Nerve
Переглядів 3,2 тис.3 роки тому
Classification of peripheral nerve injury assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy. Classification of nerve injury was described by Seddon in 1943 and by Sunderland in 1951.[1] The lowest degree of nerve injury in which the nerve remains intact but signaling ability is damaged is called neurapraxia. The second degree in which the axon is damaged but the surrounding connectin...
Biomechanics - Agonists, Antagonists of Gait Cycle - Foot and Ankle
Переглядів 2,6 тис.4 роки тому
Agonist muscles and antagonist muscles refer to muscles that cause or inhibit a movement. Agonist muscles cause a movement to occur through their own activation. Antagonist muscles are simply the muscles that produce an opposing joint torque to the agonist muscles. Learn about all the major muscles important for gait cycle and for the lower extremity. Clinical application. Practice problems.
Sesamoiditis - Treatment, Complications
Переглядів 5 тис.4 роки тому
"What Is a Sesamoid? Sesamoid in the foot A sesamoid is a bone embedded in a tendon. Sesamoids are found in several joints in the body. In the normal foot, the sesamoids are two pea-shaped bones located in the ball of the foot, beneath the big toe joint. Acting as a pulley for tendons, the sesamoids help the big toe move normally and provide leverage when the big toe pushes off during walking a...
Local Anesthesia - Toxic Dose - Easy Calculations and Review
Переглядів 2,2 тис.5 років тому
Welcome to Podiatry Cast Pod Cast - Local Anesthesia - Toxic Dose Calculations - Foot and Ankle Learn about the most relevant details of local anesthetic / local anesthesia in foot and ankle. Learn how to simply and quickly calculate the toxic dose of local anesthetic. A very important subject with high likelihood of being asked this or answering questions on boards and school exams. www.podiat...
Biomechanics - Gait Cycle
Переглядів 25 тис.5 років тому
Welcome to Podiatry Cast Pod Cast - Biomechanics - Gait Cycle Learn the most important parts of the gait cycle and all the phases of normal gait. Practice questions included. Podiatry Cast - Pod Cast. I hope you find this video helpful in school and your education. Please subscribe and leave a message. Thank you! Test Questions Bank 3D Animation: www.biodigital.com/ INTRO: motionnations.com/ MU...
Post Operative Fever 5w's
Переглядів 4 тис.5 років тому
Post operative Fever the 5 w’s - "wind water wound walk wonder drugs" is a focused approach to identify the cause of postoperative fever based upon the time frame. Know the order and the time frame and you can answer any question. I hope you find this video helpful in school and your education. Although not super helpful in real life, you will see this on boards and it may be asked on rotations...
Trauma - Gustilo Anderson Open Fracture Classification - POD
Переглядів 13 тис.5 років тому
Gustilo Anderson open fracture classification comprehensive podiatry review with practice problems. Antibiotics: Type 1 [less than 1 cm] Cefazolin Type 2 [1 -5 cm] Cefazolin Gentamicin Type 3 a [5cm and above] Adequate soft tissue coverage - Cefazolin Gentamicin Type 3 b [5cm and above] Inadequate soft tissue coverage - Cefazolin Gentamicin Type 3 c [5cm and above] Arterial Injury - Cefazolin G...
Podiatry Cast - POD CAST Intro
Переглядів 675 років тому
Introduction to Podiatry Cast Academic Focused Podiatry Review of Podiatric Medicine

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @benjaminkariithi5526
    @benjaminkariithi5526 Місяць тому

    how did you get to change 7cm into 1cm ????????/ last quiz i dint understand

  • @Xz7h7
    @Xz7h7 2 місяці тому

    Thank you❤❤❤❤❤

  • @bodymechanixshanemckay7780
    @bodymechanixshanemckay7780 9 місяців тому

    really informative thanks

  • @alexstepanek2336
    @alexstepanek2336 11 місяців тому

    There is an inconsistency between your material & the first question. You state what would be the least likely cause of fever 48 hrs post-op & list surgical site infection & PE as options. By your own explanation, PE most commonly is considered after surgical site infections therefore should be the more appropriate answer yet you state it was surgical site infection is least likely. If anything, they should be possibly considered almost equivalent with their similar timelines.

  • @gud5394
    @gud5394 Рік тому

    I have recurrent medial sesmoiditis für almost 20 yrs now ( Iam now 50 yrs old, ex Athlete) due to a bipartite sesmoid. Despite different conservative Treatments it keeps bothering me about two times a year for about 3-5 weeks at a time. Should I consider sesmoidectomy?

  • @pinkluver1220
    @pinkluver1220 Рік тому

    Podiatry student here. This video is great. Please make more contents as these videos are super helpful

  • @anavalenzuela3223
    @anavalenzuela3223 Рік тому

    BEST review video I've used!

  • @leo861
    @leo861 Рік тому

    Thanks alot man! Much love❤

  • @mayapatel3265
    @mayapatel3265 Рік тому

    Are you in Seattle WA?

  • @swastikgrover3414
    @swastikgrover3414 Рік тому

    Hey doc, I have put my whole life into football and I’ve dealing with either a fracture or bipartite. It’s is symptomatic during intense activity and minimal pain otherwise. But still hasn’t healed in a long time(<6 Months). Do you know if ORIF can be a solution for permanent healing? Or could it be the synchondrosis between the biparites that’s damaged? I’ve heard HgH is effective in healing bones in athletes? I really gotta get back, a lot is riding on me being able to play collegiately and football has saved my depression many times. Please let me know if you know. Thank you

  • @mathewsgift773
    @mathewsgift773 Рік тому

    This video will last for a life time.Remember to kiss my comment medical students 😊💪

  • @stt3z
    @stt3z Рік тому

    That is crazy , fracture my 2nd toe , baby’d it for 2 months now literally my calf muscle went down to like 60% smaller in size now dealing with this unfortunatly

  • @lembaniacksontembo9438
    @lembaniacksontembo9438 2 роки тому

    This is really helping. Just that on the last example question I have seen an error in it(7cm)

    • @Errorrrrrrrrr
      @Errorrrrrrrrr Рік тому

      Actually it’s 0.7cm. Can’t blame you though I had to look twice before realizing it. Hope that helps 😂 👍

  • @mavi3928
    @mavi3928 2 роки тому

    Your channel really fantastic in everything ( music, your sound , your offer to subject) I hope you keep doing that for long time 🫶

  • @HairGlitter
    @HairGlitter 2 роки тому

    Wow. Thankyou for that info

  • @danieltaylor1784
    @danieltaylor1784 2 роки тому

    Interestingly tib ant is not always an inverter of the foot

  • @HafizahHoshni
    @HafizahHoshni 2 роки тому

    Thank you ! 3/3/2022

  • @lizdaodu5611
    @lizdaodu5611 3 роки тому

    This is a great video. Thank you

  • @adamkubiak1933
    @adamkubiak1933 3 роки тому

    Great video. Thank you. Could you lease elaborate on how LLD may influence a patient’s tendency for hammer toes?

  • @roxannlegg750
    @roxannlegg750 3 роки тому

    Thankyou for a pure factual, concise anatomical CG imagery - its helped my understand my feet so much. Ive been crippled with foot pain for 3 years and doctors have been very slow to pay attention to my complaints. But it now transpires (after a life of working in a kitchen...standing at a bench for hours at a tine) - i have halux sesamoiditis in both big toes - but one is VERY swolen and distorted, and bone odema, total of 5 neuroma/bursitis complexes (3 in one foot 2 in the other), plantar fascitis, plantar spurs and plantar fibromas. Its fair to say i cant work anymore and the pain is diabolical, I also have complex spinal issues and neuropathy, so walking has always been dysfunctional. I am yet to see other specialists - but the first podiatrist I saw, found nothing remarkable to explain my pain, upon his initial physical exam. How is that possible??? But thankyou for explaining this in a concise way.

  • @SahirReddy
    @SahirReddy 3 роки тому

    @ 13:19 You have mentioned a 120kg patient can receive 56ml of 1% lidocaine. but isnt it exceeding the max safe dose i.e., 300mg for plain lidocaine irrespective of the weight of the patient?

  • @sumantjaiswal3811
    @sumantjaiswal3811 3 роки тому

    Really helpful. thank you.

  • @pgreenx
    @pgreenx 3 роки тому

    Will a fragmented sesamoid heal on its own w/o surgery? Thanks

    • @podcast-podiatry7793
      @podcast-podiatry7793 3 роки тому

      It can :)

    • @pgreenx
      @pgreenx 3 роки тому

      @@podcast-podiatry7793 thanks. I’m a hiker (not a doctor) with a bad foot and this helped me understand my mri report. Now I just have to find a good dr……

  • @AdamSportTherapist
    @AdamSportTherapist 3 роки тому

    What a aplication anatomy?

  • @alexormulea
    @alexormulea 3 роки тому

    The correct answer to the last question was written wrong. It's supposed to be "Angle 7 degrees, Base of Gait 3.5 inches" coz angles are measured in degrees and the given length of the base is in inches... But I enjoyed the lesson🙄

  • @vinodchavan6850
    @vinodchavan6850 3 роки тому

    Nice . 👍

  • @katsamsuya8838
    @katsamsuya8838 3 роки тому

    In the first part of your video, u said base is 3.5 and angle is 7degrees. In the latter part, u answered the opposite for the question.

  • @mariamnaser4798
    @mariamnaser4798 3 роки тому

    Thanks for video

  • @astaco4641
    @astaco4641 3 роки тому

    Thanks! Very helpful

  • @med3854
    @med3854 3 роки тому

    how is the last question type 1??? 7cm laceration????

  • @mayukhpurkayastha2649
    @mayukhpurkayastha2649 3 роки тому

    Nice

  • @annaserenko3322
    @annaserenko3322 3 роки тому

    Why exactly your swing is initiated at the external rotation and abduction when the hip is actually coming into swing in flexion, internal rotation and abduction?

  • @victoriactual
    @victoriactual 3 роки тому

    thanks for this video! helped a lot :)

  • @anthonywright8496
    @anthonywright8496 3 роки тому

    This is a really great idea! Where are you from?

  • @karate7173
    @karate7173 3 роки тому

    very concise and informative, great stuff.

    • @achillesduke1297
      @achillesduke1297 3 роки тому

      i guess it's pretty off topic but does anybody know of a good place to watch newly released movies online?

    • @garyaxl5056
      @garyaxl5056 3 роки тому

      @Achilles Duke Flixportal :P

    • @achillesduke1297
      @achillesduke1297 3 роки тому

      @Gary Axl Thanks, I went there and it seems like a nice service :) I really appreciate it!

    • @garyaxl5056
      @garyaxl5056 3 роки тому

      @Achilles Duke no problem =)

  • @suxxid100
    @suxxid100 4 роки тому

    A question if you see this. I had pain the ball of the foot for about 6 month. Then did X-ray that showed, se link, scroll down in the link and look at the "B" picture. Plus imagine that the bottom half of the fractured bone had a chunk carved out of it. It's the lateral bone on the left foot. Not bipartite www.southfloridasportsmedicine.com/sesamoid-fractures.html So I had used a dancers pad for 6+6weeks. Today i did another x-ray and was extremly sad to see ZERO improvements on the x-ray. I'm a physical education techer. Also my burning passion in life is ultra trail running. I used to be able to run 100km+ every week. I'm really prepared to do anything to get my bone back togethor, do you have any recomendations I could bring to my orthopedist next week... cause I don't feel that person is "on top of things" wih this situation I'm in.

    • @podcast-podiatry7793
      @podcast-podiatry7793 4 роки тому

      How is it feeling?! I am sorry to hear about the sesamoid pain you are having!

    • @zhaochenli761
      @zhaochenli761 2 роки тому

      Hi Felix, how are you doing with it? Thanks in advance!

  • @SimpleMovements
    @SimpleMovements 4 роки тому

    Your starting music was such a blast...temptation to dance ...good physio😆👍

  • @mbbspushpendra1991
    @mbbspushpendra1991 4 роки тому

    Please mention the exact value of step length n stride length and cadence time

  • @douniacats
    @douniacats 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much for clarifying the classification شكرا جزيلا 😊😊😊

  • @preethephysio84
    @preethephysio84 4 роки тому

    Where is the biomechanics of gait... Just percentages???

    • @omalone1169
      @omalone1169 4 роки тому

      hours , money and practitioners My sports therapist (one of many) recently mentioned he thinks my gait and alignment might be better corrected via biomechanics so here I am doing release work and correcting neurological or functional patterns